Circular Motion

MOVING IN A CIRCLE
Describing circular motion
Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

Fundamental of Physics http://supriyanto.fisika.ui.edu
Slide - 1
Many things move in circles.

Could you mention some of them?
Here are some examples:
1. The wheels of a car or bicycle

2. The earth in its orbit round the sun
3. The hands of a clock
4. A spinning hard disk in a computer
5. The drum of a washing machine

Slide - 2
Sometime, things move along a path that is part of a circle. For

example, a car may travel around a bend in the road which is
an arc of a circle.

Slide - 3
The second hand (red color) of a clock move steadily round

the clock-face. It takes one minute to travel all the way
round the circle.
The are 360o in a complete

circle, and 60 second in a
minute, so the hand move 6o
every second

Slide - 4
We can describe the position of any object as it moves around
a circle simply by stating the angle q of the arc through which
it has moved from starting position

Slide - 5
There are two conventions to note,
1. The starting position is horizontal, on the right
2. The object moves anticlockwise around the circle
The angle q through

which the object has
moved is known as its
angular displacement.

Slide - 6
In practice, it is usual to measure angles and angular
displacements in a units called radian rather than in degree
One radian is the angle

subtended at the center of a
circle by an arc equal in
length to the radius of the
circle.
This means that there are more
than 6.28 radians in a complete
circle. It is equal to 2p radians
2p radians = 360o
Slide - 7
Exercise #1:
1. If q = 60o, what is the value of q in radians?
2. Convert the following angle from degrees into

radians: 30o and 90o
3. Convert the following angle from radians into

degrees: 0.5 rad and p/4 rad
4. Express the following angles as multiples of p radian

60o and 45o

Slide - 8
If an object moves a distance s around a circular path of
radius r, its angular displacement q is given by
length _ of _ arc s
angle or q
radius r
Since both s and r are distances measured in meters, it follows

that the angle q is simply a ratio. It is a dimensionless quantity.
We give it unit of radians.

Slide - 9
Steady speed, changing velocity
There is an important distinction between speed and velocity:
speed is a scalar quantity, but velocity is a vector quantity,
with both magnitude and direction.
The arrows are straight

with the same length.
They are drawn as
tangents to the
circular path
Its speed remains constant but

its direction changes. It means
that its velocity changes
Slide - 10
Steady speed, changing velocity
When an objects velocity is changing, we say that
it is accelerating. In the case of uniform circular motion, the
acceleration is rather unusual, because as we have seen, the
object speed does not change but its velocity does.
How can an object accelerate, and at the same time have
a steady speed?

Slide - 11
Centripetal acceleration
ANY change in velocity
results in acceleration
The acceleration is the

difference between the
velocity at position 1 and
the velocity at position 2.

Slide - 12
The acceleration vector in uniform
circular motion is always
perpendicular to the path and
always points toward the center
of the circle.
2 2
v v
ar ac
r r
Slide - 13
we conclude that in uniform circular motion, the acceleration
is directed toward the center of the circle and has a
magnitude given by v2/r, where v is the speed of the particle
and r is the radius of the circle.
2
v
ar
r

Slide - 14
A Quiz
B A ball is going around in a

A
circle attached to a string.
C If the string breaks at the
instant shown, which path
will the ball follow?

Slide - 15
Circular motion (in deep..)
Angular displacement Dq = q2-q1

How far it has rotated
Angular velocity w = Dq/Dt

How fast it is rotating
Units radians/second 2p = 1 revolution
Period =1/frequency T = 1/f = 2p / w

Time to complete 1 revolution

Slide - 16
Connection between..
Connection between linear and circular motion
x
q
r
v
w
r
ac

r
Slide - 17
Summary
Angular Linear
constant a constant
w w0 t v v 0 at
1 1 2
q q0 w 0 t t 2 x x 0 v 0t at
2 2
w 2 w02 2Dq v 2 v02 2aDx
And for a point at a distance R from the rotation axis:
x = Rq v = wR a = R

Slide - 18

Circular Motion

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Circular Motion

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

MOVING IN A CIRCLE

Describing circular motion

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

Many things move in circles.

Here are some examples:

1. The wheels of a car or bicycle

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

Sometime, things move along a path that is part of a circle. For

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

The second hand (red color) of a clock move steadily round

The are 360o in a complete

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

The angle q through

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

One radian is the angle

1. If q = 60o, what is the value of q in radians?

2. Convert the following angle from degrees into

3. Convert the following angle from radians into

4. Express the following angles as multiples of p radian

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

Since both s and r are distances measured in meters, it follows

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

The arrows are straight

Its speed remains constant but

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

The acceleration is the

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

B A ball is going around in a

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

Angular displacement Dq = q2-q1

Angular velocity w = Dq/Dt

Period =1/frequency T = 1/f = 2p / w

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

w 2 w02 2Dq v 2 v02 2aDx

And for a point at a distance R from the rotation axis:

Created by Dr. Eng. Supriyanto, M.Sc

Anda mungkin juga menyukai