10-9
Standard Measurement of Time
Standard measurement of time is second
One second is the time that elapses during 9,192,631,770
(9.192631770 x 10 9 ) cycles of the radiation produced by the
transition between two levels of the cesium 133 atom.
The standard of time can also be converted to several other time
units such as: day, hours, minutes, second
1 day = 24 hours
1 hour= 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 seconds
Standard Measurement of Mass
Standard measurement of mass is kilogram
Kilogram is defined as the mass of a particular international prototype
made of platinum-iridium and kept at the International Bureau of
Weights and Measures.
Other countries use several different units of mass
Example:
Pound (lb)
1 pound = 0.45 kilogram
SI derived units
seven base units. metre per second cubed m/s3 jerk, jolt ms3
metre per second to the
m/s4 snap, jounce ms4
fourth
radian per second rad/s angular velocity s1
radian per second
rad/s2 angular acceleration s2
squared
newton second Ns momentum, impulse mkgs1
newton metre second Nms angular momentum m2kgs1
newton metre Nm = J/rad torque, moment of force m2kgs2
newton per second N/s yank mkgs3
Uncertainty
There will always be uncertainty in every result of measurement.
Uncertainty is caused by the constant change of nature.
Experimental uncertainty: mistakes done during measurement
Sistematical uncertainty: mistakes done consistently calibration of tools
Scientists always includes uncertainty in their measurements.
Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a standard or
known value.
Precision refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to
each other.
For example, if on average, your measurements for a given substance
are close to the known value, but the measurements are far from
each other, then you have accuracy without precision.