Electricity & Magnetism

Static, Currents, Circuits

Magnetic Fields & Electro Magnets
Motors & Generators
 Atoms
Have neutrons, protons, and
electrons.
Protons are positively charged
Electrons are negatively charged
 Electrons
Are located on the outer edges of
atomsthey can be moved.
A concentration of electrons in an
atom creates a net negative
charge.
If electrons are stripped away, the
atom becomes positively charged.
The world is filled with electrical
charges:
+
+ + -
- - + - +
+
- + + -
-
+ +
- - -
 What is this electrical potential
called?
Static Electricity

-
- -
- - + ++
- - ++
 Static Electricity
The build up of an electric charge
on the surface of an object.
The charge builds up but does not
flow.
Static electricity is potential
energy. It does not move. It is
stored.
 Static Discharge
Occurs when there is a loss of
static electricity due to three
possible things:
Friction - rubbing
Conduction direct contact
Induction through an electrical
field (not direct contact)
 Electricity that moves
Current: The flow of electrons
from one place to another.
Measured in amperes (amps)
Kinetic energy
 How can we control currents?
With circuits.
Circuit: is a path for the flow of
electrons. We use wires.
 There are 2 types of currents:
DirectCurrent (DC) Where
electrons flow in the same
direction in a wire.
 There are 2 types of currents:
AlternatingCurrent (AC)
electrons flow in different
directions in a wire
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=HqMqdFNWX4s#t=2
37
 There are 2 types of circuits:
Series Circuit: the components
are lined up along one path. If
the circuit is broken, all
components turn off.
Series Circuit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=u-
7k8wpl_ZU&list=PLAO5cUCypo
9w-cFeJc2QGqVW0n4ZV42Q1
 There are 2 types of circuits:
Parallel Circuit there are several
branching paths to the
components. If the circuit is
broken at any one branch, only
the components on that branch
will turn off.
Parallel Circuit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=MxH7hnuBfC4&list=PLAO5c
UCypo9w-
cFeJc2QGqVW0n4ZV42Q1
 Conductors vs. Insulators
Conductors material through
which electric current flows easily.

materials through
Insulators
which electric current cannot
move.
 Examples
Conductors: Insulators:
Metal Styrofoam
Water Rubber
Plastic
Paper
 What is Resistance?
The opposition to the flow of an
electric current, producing heat.
The greater the resistance, the
less current gets through.
Good conductors have low
resistance.
Measured in ohms.
 What Influences Resistance?
Material of wire aluminum and
copper have low resistance
Thickness the thicker the wire the
lower the resistance
Length shorter wire has lower
resistance
Temperature lower temperature has
lower resistance
 What is Voltage?
The measure of energy given to
the charge flowing in a circuit.
The greater the voltage, the
greater the force or pressure
that drives the charge through the
circuit.
 Difference b/t Volts and Amps
Example you could say that
Amps measure how much water
comes out of a hose.
Volts measure how hard the water
comes out of a hose.
 Ohms Law

Resistance = Voltage / Current

Ohms = Volts / Amps

 Practice with Ohms Law
Ohms Volts Amps
4 100 25
15 150 10
2 30 15
9 45 5
6 48 8
 What is an electromagnet?
Electromagnet a magnet made
from a current bearing coil of wire
wrapped around an iron or steel
core.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSuSWi7YThA
 What is a generator?
Generator a machine that
changes mechanical energy to
electrical energy
Usually use moving magnets to
create currents in coils of wire.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqdOyxJZj0U
#aid=P89ox56462A
 What is a motor?
Motor a device that changes
electrical energy to mechanical
energy that can do work.
Thats It !!!!