KNS02 Clerici Efficiency

Energy Efficiency
a Recipe for Success

Alessandro Clerici
Chairman WEC Study Group Energy Resources and
Technologies
Chairman Task Force Energy Efficiency of
Confindustria (Confederation of all Italian
Energy Efficiency a recipe for success
SEEEI International Electricity 2012:
Industrial Associations)
Israel Eilat 14 November 2012
ABB Italy
1
Index
1) The present situation worldwide for energy

2) Energy efficiency: a rewarding necessity
3) The Italian case: the study of Confindustria
4) Final comments
2
3
energy
1) The present situation worldwide for
World population now 7 billion people: (300000
births/day). In the last 10 years:
population +12%;
primary energy +20%;
electricity consumption +30%.
Energy has been and is increasingly becoming the key factor

for the social and economic development of the people and
electricity is always more dominant.
1.3 billion people without electricity
The electricity generated in 2030 will absorb 44% of primary

energy resources (37% in 2011).
The production of electricity is the cause of 40% of the
production of CO2 from human activities.
4
In China from 2006 to 2010 have been put into service
~ 300 MW / day of new power plants (100 GW / year )
of which 80% coal. The annual emissions of CO2 from
only these plants are 2.2 Gt. and 3 times the target of
20% reduction of emissions in all the EU.
The EU target of 20% reduction of CO2 in 2020 is

around 1.5% of global emissions in 2020.
ENERGY and ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS are GLOBAL

EVERYONE MUST CONTRIBUTE
ALL TECHNOLOGIES TO BE CONSIDERED

THE GOOD EXAMPLES ARE DRIVING AND DECISIVE?
5
6
Evolution of global CO2 emissions
Comparison increase global emissions 2008-2035 (Mt)
Large differences in the electric energy per capita
18
World population 7 billion
16 2
N. America E&SE
Asia
14 1.75
South
12 Asia 1.50
10 Australasia OECD
1.25
Europe
8 27 1
Europe
6 CSI Latin 0.75
Africa
America
4 Middle East World 0.50
2 0.25
0
0
Elaboration from ENERDATA
Italy ~ 5 MWh / capita MWh per capita
Israel ~ 7 MWh / capita Billion people
7
The growth of the world population
Population Population
COUNTRIES GROUPS 2008 2030
million million
North America 341 410
Latin America 576 690
Western Europe 480 515
Eastern Europe 398 381
Africa 975 1,524
Middle East and South Asia 1,765 2,354
South East Asia and the Pacific 417 495
Far East 1,752 1,925
World Total 6,704 8,294
Africa by far the continent with the largest population growth:

1,5 billion people in 2030 with respect to present 1 billion
ME, S. Asia + SE Asia and FE with ~ 60% of world population

India + Cina ~ 36% of worls population
8
2011 Electricity Capacity / Production worldwide
Installed capacity Energy production

(~5300 GW) (~22000 TWh)
Coal 32.0% 40.0%
Gas 25.0% 22.0%
Hydro 18.5% 16.0%
Nuclear 7.5% 13.5%
Oil 7.8% 4.5%
Wind 4.5% 2.0%
Other Renewables 3.5% 1.7%

Solar 1.2% 0.3%

Elaborations of TERNA data
9
Electric energy production in 2010 in TWh
USA ~ 4350 Canada ~ 600

Cina ~ 4200 France ~ 570
Japan ~ 1100 South Korea ~ 500
Russia ~ 1050 Brazil ~ 465
India ~ 950 United Kingdom ~ 380
Germany ~ 615 Italy* and Spain ~ 300
Elaborations from TERNA data
2 countries ~ 40% global production

and in great majority from coal
* Italy imports additional 50 TWh
10
Last 10 years trend for electric energy
production from different sources
2001 2010
Coal 38.7% 41.7%
Oil 7.4% 64.7% 4.2% 66.6%
Gas 18.6% 20.7%
Nuclear 17.1% 13.4%
Hydro 16.5% 16.2%
Biomasses 1.1% 18.2% 1.5% 20%
Other Renewables 0.6% 2.3%
Elaborations from IEA
Increase in % of electricity from fossil fuels!

The increase of renewables does not overcome the

decrease in % of nuclear; non CO2 sources loose market
shares!
11
Fossil Fuels
Based on present proven resources (R) and actual production (P):
oil R/P ~ 40 years
gas R/P ~ 60 years
coal R/P ~ 200 years
But resources for potential unconventional oil from:

oil shale (80% in USA)
natural bitumen (60% in Canada)
extra heavy oil (95% Venezuela)
are large and economic for stable oil prices above 90 US$/bbl.
The boom of shale gas in North America; possible global

resources 4 times those of conventional gas.

The problem is not the availability of fossil fuels but their
uneven distribution and how to burn them
12
What are the prevailing trends impacting energy?
- Growth in population, increased urbanization/large cities
- Living standards and demand increase especially in LDCs,
- CO2 emissions
Source: International Energy Agency, Global Insight

180
Electricity demand
160
140 Primary energy demand

CO2 emissions
World population
120
100
2007 2020 2030
13
14
necessity
2) Energy Efficiency: a rewarding
Fossil fuels contribute worldwide for more than 80% to
the energy needs and 66% to electricity production;
through their combustion they are the main cause of
GHG emissions, detrimental to the future of our planet.
To reduce both the consumption of the limited fossil

resources, cumulated in millions of years, and the CO2
emissions, there are clearly 2 main ways:
1. rationalization/reduction of energy consumptions

2. use of carbon free energy sources
15
Shaping the trends between now and 2030
Cut link between growth, energy use and emissions
Meeting the energy challenges requires the world to:

16
For reduction of energy consumptions, 2 main
parallel ways:
energy efficiency, doing the same with less:

same products and services but using less
energy, with no impact on the standards of
living.
Technology driven but affected also by
legislations, standards, life cycle culture.
energy conservation: changes in standards of

leaving, doing / having less with less.

Politically driven.
17
Changes in standard of living clearly involve cultural
changes and/or unpopular political decisions (and
politicians are not inclined to do that); they are mainly
applicable to highly developed countries and it takes long
time to get substantial results.
In the Energy Efficiency arena, every drop is useful and
it must be applied to the complete energy chain:
extraction of primary energy sources (coal, oil, gas,
uranium, etc.);
their transport, distribution and transformation in other forms
of energy (e.g. electrical);

the final application devices (boilers, mechanical drives,

cars and trucks, electrical machinery and equipment,
domestic appliances, light bulbs, etc.).
18
Apart possible savings in the extraction of energy
sources through efficient devices, the transport and
distribution of energy through pipelines or electrical
infrastructures have global efficiencies in the range of
90-94% with the exception of those countries where, for
example, electrical transmission and distribution
systems are permanently overloaded above the normal
economic optimum value.
Something can and must be done (e.g. power factor

correction, losses in distribution transformers, new lines
etc.), but transport and distribution of energy is not a
very fat animal.

For new long transmission systems of bulk electricity

power, HVDC is an asset for loss reduction.
19
In the production of electricity, tremendous improvements
could be obtained by substituting old inefficient plants with the
most efficient technologies but this implies time, costs and
load shedding during the possible substitution period
especially in those developing countries with very high load
growth.
The around 14000 TWh/year produced worldwide by 3250
GW of thermal plants could be got with up to 20% less of
installed power (- 650 GW) with a saving of around 2800
TWh and 2.2 billion t/year of CO2 emissions and of 600
MTEP/year of fossil fuels consumption.
In any case not only large revamping and retrofitting of old
plants but even simple applications (more efficient fuel

combustion, boiler operation, Variable Speed Drives added to

motors driving pumps and fans etc.) bring interesting savings

also if not substantial as those through a complete substitution
with a new high efficiency plant.
20
Energy efficiency in power generation
Power generation is by far the largest energy

consuming industry. The efficiency of power
generation varies widely with the fuel and
technology used.
Conversion losses can be high, but theres more:
On average, power plants consume 5 percent of the
electricity they generate. Significant efficiency gains
can be made by optimizing operations and auxiliary
systems using sophisticated control systems and

energy-efficient equipment.
21
Power Plants
Example
500 MW Coal Fired Power Plant, 25 Years old
8% Improvement of Plant Efficiency means.
150 million kg of additional fuel available to produce

more electrical energy (more than 250 GWh/year).
Additional green house gases are also to be expected to

reduce significantly (~260.000 Tons of CO2).
22
Power Plants
Interventions for Plant Efficiency Improvement by 8%
Optimization of Coal Handling
Improvement of ID and FD Fan Flow Control
Improvement of Boiler Feed Water Pump Control
Implementation of High Efficiency Motors and Drives
Optimized Turbine Controls
Advanced Steam Temperature Control
Stabilization of Firing Rate and Combustion Optimization
Excess Oxygen Reduction fro Boiler Combustion
Improved Feed Water Pressure and Level Control
Electric Power System Improvement (GSUs and Auxiliary
Transformers)
Reduction of Leakages
Reduction of Thermal Losses
Thermal optimization of chiller operations
23
Industrial Processes
In industrial processes the application of advanced
automation systems allows to select the optimal
sequence of controlling actions to safely drive the
production process towards high energy-efficiency
operating regions.
The technology is a software, non-intrusive and

relatively low-cost option for continuous energy
intensive processes, with thousands applications in
sectors like O&G, petrochemicals and fine
chemicals, utility, pulp & paper, cement and so on.

24
Main electrical consumption sectors
In the electricity arena 3 main sectors are responsible in
industrialized countries for of the consumption: that is
- motors (~45%), - lighting (~15%),
- home appliances and consumer electronics (~15%).
In some developing countries, being the industrial

consumption more predominant (e.g. China 75%) the
share of motor consumption is larger.
At a global level electrical motors are consuming ~9000

TWh/year with potential savings of ~1000 TWh
(including inverters applications when useful). This
means:
- less capacity needed for around 250,000 MW;

- reduction of 0.8 billion t/year of CO2;

- savings of ~200 MTEP/year of fossil fuels.
25
Electrical Motors and Drives
Electrical motors operate all kinds of machines, fans, pumps,

conveyors and compressors in applications in
pharmaceuticals and chemical processing, pulp and paper
and cement manufacturing, mining and electronics, car
manufacturing, mechanical industries.
A LV motor, in its life, costs 2% for the initial investment and

92% for the electricity bill associated to its consumption, but
the great majority of people looks only to squeeze the initial
price and buy a motor - stove with substantial increase of the
energy bill for all the life of the motor.
HIGH EFFICIENCY MOTORS ARE IN THE MARKET

SINCE MANY YEARS
26
Many motors are constantly running at full speed
regardless of actual output requirements (e.g.
compressors and fans where the variable fluid flow
is controlled by throttling with shutters / valves).
It is similar to control your cars speed with the brake

while keeping the other foot on the accelerator.
By connecting the motors to the network thru a

black box (variable speed drive VSD) which
changes frequency and voltage, the motor speed

can be matched to the job in hand with energy

savings up to 50%.
27
Energy efficiency in industry: motors
Mine : Motors
Swedish company LKAB, 15 000 motors.
With ABB high efficiency motors as an average per motor
per year:
Energy saving: 16 000 kWh / motor / year
Reduction of CO2 emission 8 000 kg / motor / year

28
Energy efficiency in industry: drives
Company producing semiconductors
Pre existing situation: 6 ventilators of 37 kW each

for cooling towers and working in an on-off mode as
a function of demand.
After installation of 6 drives of 37 kW each, got an
energy saving of 51%.
29
Energy Efficiency in commercial residential
and public buildings
Buildings account for an important portion of global end-user
energy demand, mainly for heating and/or cooling, lighting,
powering electric appliances such as white goods, TV and ICT
devices.
Apart from appropriate thermal insulation of the buildings and

adoption of high efficiency devices (HVAC, lamps, refrigerators,
etc.) the application of automated control and building automation
systems even in old buildings can provide substantial savings
through:
Control of presence of persons
Temperature control (fan-coils, hot/cool water pumps etc.)

Lighting control
Programming of different appliances
Control of windows and protections from solar-radiation
30
For a recent application of building automation
from ABB Italy in the restructuring of a
residence for old persons comprising:
100 rooms
2 large dining rooms
6 meeting rooms
2 chapels
in the first year after restructuring a 40% saving

has been got in the electricity and gas bills.
31
Hospital - HVAC
30 fans with motors from 1 to 11 kW for HVAC of

all the technological areas of the hospital.
Application of inverters for control of ventilation
systems.
Original consumption 1.160 GWh/year.
Energy saving with inverter 445 MWh/year (38%).
32
Energy efficiency is more than 50% of solution
So why isnt it more widely pursued?
Barriers to energy efficiency include:

CO2 emissions Lack of information and of life cycle
(Gigatonnes) culture/difficulty to measure it
Fragmentation
Current trend
57% Energy Apathy
35 efficiency
Cheap/subsidized energy prices
Renewables (esp. electricity)
Biofuels
Nuclear High cost of efficient equipment
Path required to
CCS
get 450 p pm
Doubts technology will deliver

25
2007 2020 2030 Misaligned incentives

Source: IEA Lack of international standards
Source: ABB Presentation at WEC Montreal And.
33
34
Source: ABB Presentation at WEC Montreal
You cant be photographed with energy efficiency
Energy efficiency needs different local
approaches
Climatic conditions
Level of development and industrialization
Availability of cheap and/or clean energy sources
and relevant cost of energy.
clearly affect strongly:

Priority sectors on which to focus efforts
Payback periods for the application of high efficiency

products having CAPEX higher than low efficiency ones
35
WE DO NOT NEED TO
RE-INVENT THE WHEEL BUT
ONLY TO APPLY HIGH
EFFICIENCY PRODUCTS THAT
ARE AVAILABLE ON THE
MARKET SINCE MANY YEARS

36
37
Confindustria
3) The Italian case: the study of
Introduction
Considering the importance of energy efficiency to alleviate energy
consumption and therefore CO2 emissions, Confindustria
(Confederation of all the Industrial Associations of Italy) has set up in
July 2006 a Task Force in cooperation with CESI RICERCA (now
RSE), ENEA and the Ministry of Production Activities (responsible for
energy).
A deep analysis on the various sectors mainly responsible for final

consumptions (final consumption is one of the three targets of
European Community: in 2020 - 20% less consumption - 20% less
CO2 - 20% of consumption from renewables) has been carried out
and the key already existing technologies which could be adopted to
improve energy efficiency have been analyzed and taken into
consideration in the development of possible different scenarios and

plans.
A preliminary report was produced in July 2007 and a new one in

2010.
38
Energy intensity [toe/k2000]
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
39
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
consumptions (toe prim / k 2000).
2008
Source: RSE
Energy intensity related to Italian primary energy
Speaking in energy terms, our Country can be
considered anyway as a virtuous one if compared to
other industrialized nations. In 2008 the Italian
energy consumption was about 0.15 kg of oil
equivalent for euro of gross domestic product (GDP)
and the CO2 emissions were about 7 tons/person.
There are however still remarkable opportunities for
energy efficiency improvements also in Italy.
40
Italian final consumptions by energy source and
sector in 2008
Consumpt. Consumpt. Renewables

Sectors Solids Natural gas Oil products Electricity TOTAL
[%] [Mtep] (*)
31% Transports 44 - 1% 95% 1% 2% 100%
27% Industry 37 10% 38% 18% 1% 33% 100%
20% Domestic 28 - 58% 14% 7% 21% 100%
12% Tertiary 17 - 50% 4% - 46% 100%
2% Agriculture 3 - 4% 74% 7% 15% 100%
8% Other uses 12 1% 6% 93% - - 100%

100% TOTAL 141 Source: ERSE, from MSE ENEA data

(*) biomass only
41
Italian final consumptions by energy source and
sector in 2008
TOTAL
Transport Industry Domestic Tertiary Agricolture Others uses
% (Mtep)
Solids - 97% 0% - - 3% 100% 4 2,91%
Naturale Gas 1% 36% 40% 21% 0% 2% 100% 41 28,70%
Oil Products 63% 11% 6% 1% 4% 16% 100% 67 47,34%
Renewable (*) 21% 12% 59% 0% 7% - 100% 3 2,20%
Electricity 3% 45% 21% 28% 2% - 100% 27 18,85%

Total (Mtep) 44 37 28 17 3 12 141 100%

(*) only biomass Source: CESI Ricerca elaborations of MSE and ENEA data
42
ktep
Mtep
Ch
em Iro
ica na
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
0
Bu ls nd
ild & st
in pe ee
En gm t ro l
gin l c h
e er
at
er em
ing ial ica
an s (e l
do .g
.c
th em
er
m en
t)
et
al
ind
G us
Ag las t ry
ric s&
ol
tu Ce
re ra
Pu ,f m
lp oo ic
an da
d nd
pa dr
pe ink
ra
43
nd
Ot pr
in
Solid fuels and renewable
he tin
rm
an g
uf
Te ac
xt tu
ile rin
sa g
nd
Oil products
No clo
n th
fe es
rr
ou
sm
et
al
Co s
Natural Gas
ns
different industrial sectors
tru
ct
io
ns
M
in
in
Electricity
g
Source: Confindustria
2008 Italian final energy consumptions for
The tertiary sector, has shown rates of growth of the
consumptions above the average. In this sector the
electric energy amounts to 46% of the energy
consumptions (far above the other sectors); the
electric consumptions are quite fragmented between
the various activities, with a greater incidence in
commerce (~ 29%) and in the hotels, restaurants
and pubs (~ 15%).
44
The Task Force of Confindustria took into consideration, in
particular, 11 different important technologies that play a
major role in achieving the energy efficiency goals:
Engines and other tools for efficient transports

Thermal insulation of buildings
Heating / ventilation / air conditioning
Household appliances / ICT goods
Cogeneration / trigeneration
Lighting
Application of ICT (building automation, smart traffic, etc.)
Advanced automation of continuous processes
Electrical motors / inverters

Tools to improve efficiency of infrastructures (electricity, gas, oil,

water: e.g. power factor correction of loads in MV-LV electricity
distribution, high efficiency motors and drives in water systems).
45
Energy splitting (referred to the primary energy) in the
7 final use areas referred to year 2008.
Transports
3% Heating/cooling and hot water

17% production in residential and tertiary
27%
sector
Lightning
Cooking (electric/thermal),
household appliances, ICT and other
16% electric uses in civil sector
Electric motors (three-phase,
21% asynchronous)
10%
6%
Thermal uses (non electric) in
industry and agriculture
Other electric uses in industry and

agriculture
46
Italian potential savings in 2020 in final consumptions
(Mtoe) as from the preliminary report of 2007
2005
low high
consumptions
Transportations 2,00 4,50 45,43

Heating/cooling and hot water production in residential and
5,47 8,43 35,07
tertiary sector
Lightning 1,08 2,68 4,21
Cooking (electric/thermal), household appliances, ICT and

0,65 1,53 8,68
otherelectricuses in residential and tertiary sector
Electric motors 0,84 1,24 10,66
Thermal uses (non electric) in industry and agricolture 0,54 2,01 32,00
Other electric uses in industry and agricolture 0,28 0,40 1,89

TOTAL [Mtep] 10,86 20,8 132,1

N.B.: Around 1.5 times the Mtoe if referred to primary energy
47
The measure of the savings was made applying the
bottom up methodology and considering for each
technology the level of incentives adequate to support a
market development with appropriate ROI for the final
consumer/ investor.
A positive balance sheet has been defined for the final

consumer investor to have an adequate ROI for the
application of the different technologies:
+ incentives and reduced cost of energy

- additional cost of energy efficient products
48
A deep analysis has been completed in order to assess the
effects of energy efficiency on the national economy. In
particular, for each technology the following impacts are
considered:
Cost to the national balance sheet for the incentives due to the
application of the best available technologies.
Less revenues for the national balance sheet due to reductions
of tax incomes connected to reduced final consumptions of
energy products (all having high tax values).
Increased employment connected to new industrial activities for
the production of energy efficiency products + increased sales of
involved companies.
Increased revenues for the national balance sheet due to direct
and indirect taxations for sales/production of energy efficient

products.
Reduced import of energy sources (natural gas, oil, coal,

electricity, etc.)
Reduction of EC penalties due to reduced CO2 emissions.
49
Effects of energy efficiency measures on the state budget and
Italian energy system
Cumulated values 2010 - 2020
NATIONAL BALANCE SHEET Avoided Toe / tCO2
Direct taxes Indirect taxes TOTAL Global

Sectors impact
IRPEF Taxes on final IRES + IRAP Energy
AVT Incentives CO2 saving (4)
(employees) cunsumption (company taxes) saving (3)
M M M M M M M M M
Transport 1364 4309 (1) -8759 471 -2615 4926 900 3211
Motors / Inverters 132 511 -346 -116 62 243 1108 315 1666
Ligthing 141 570 -388 -383 67 7 3653 1055 4715
Buildings 1395 6501 -14931 -1601 968 -7668 3612 510 -3546
High eff. Boilers 99 409 -2036 -1197 47 -2678 2011 285 -382
Heat pumps 12 49 -1146 -4479 6 -5558 4802 680 -76
Home appl. 866 3860 -3860 -917 450 399 2175 628 3202
UPS 22 110 -110 -220 13 -185 304 88 207

Cogeneration 517 1947 (2) -103 224 2.585 3025 730 6340
Power factor correction 7 36 - -6 4 41 41

TOTAL 4555 18302 -22817 -17781 2.312 -15429 25616 5191 15378
(1) 1,500 M of R&D supports (3) 75 $/oil b 1 = 1,25$

(2) No effect on state balance sheet of present subsidies applied to final bills (4) 25 / tCO2
The preliminary analysis assumes that the incremental production of high efficiency goods and services can
potentially be met by the Italian industries with an increase of 1.6 million employees in the period 2010-2020
50
Potential savings in primary energy consumptions
and CO2 emissions:
cumulative values 2010 2020 with

42,2 Mt CO2
adequate incentives with respect to BAU
= 86 Mtoe
= 207,6 Mt CO2 Source: Confindustria
29,2 Mt CO2
36 Mt CO2
27,2 Mt CO2
25,1 Mt CO2
20,4 Mt CO2
18,2
18,2
12,6 11,7 12,6 Mt CO2
12 11,4 Mt CO2
11,7 10,8 8,8
12,6
12
10,8 8,8
5,5
4,9 3,5 Mt CO2

5,5 4,9
1,5
Lighting Cogeneration Transport Heat pumps Home appl. Buildings Motors / inv. High eff. boilers UPS
51
Potential savings in final energy consumption:
Cumulative values 2010 2020 with

adequate incentives with respect to
BAU:
= 51,2 Mtoe
12
8,9 8,8
5,3 4,9
5,1
2,8 2,7
0,7
Transport Ligthing Buildings Home appl. Heat pumps High ef f . Boilers Cogen. Motors / inv. UPS
52
Cost to final user of avoided Toe and tCO2 for
different technologies
100% 100 100 100 TEP
CO2
86
80
60
50
40
35
20 25
20
18
15
11
5,3
4,5 4
0
Transport Buildings Home appl. Cogeneration Motors/inv. Heat pumps Lighting

/ eff. boilers
Great differences for different technologies of costs to get

same result
53
54
4) Final comments
High efficiency products have CAPEX higher than
low efficiency ones.
Local conditions such as social development,

climate, availability / cost of local energy resources,
final energy prices/subsidies strongly affect:
types / priorities of interventions
payback periods (which are different also for the

installation of new products or for substitution of

existing ones).
55
But why is the energy efficiency approach pursued
mainly in talks and not in facts?
1. The opportunities are spread in all the sectors and

many of them are pulverized in millions of users.
2. Energy efficiency is not so sexy, visible and
popular for politicians as renewables.
3. There is a lack of information and a lack of a life
cycle culture and approach and prevailing short
terms cost considerations; therefore communication
and information are the key issue that is in many
cases more important than incentives.

4. Due to bad products and counterfeit; there is doubt

that technology will repay as promised.
56
Energy efficiency is the most urgent and cheap way to
counteract the present energy / environmental issues
Energy efficiency must be considered as an investment

and not a cost.
From the theoretical point of view, taking care of

the global issue of energy and environment
the always more global market for products
it should be nice to arrive at:

global standards for high efficiency products
global procedures that forbid trading of non efficient

products
57
Practically speaking, reaching quickly international
accord on standards and binding trading procedures
that involve the World Trade Organization are
probably a ways off (long time for implementation).
But in the interim national and regional agreements

should base their energy efficiency policies on already
accepted or easy to implement standards and binding
targets (attention to barriers!)
58
Each Nation / Region must perform deep analyses on
the major consumption areas and has to concentrate the
initial actions on those sectors which provide the
quickest and best return on investments by applying
existing best practices / technologies.
It is necessary:
to introduce as soon as possible compulsory laws to
have only high efficiency new products entering the
market.
to define incentives, when/if necessary, for the
substitution of the installed fleets: and this with

cost/profit analyses of the various technologies and

with a time horizon of some 5-10 years.
59
The energy efficiency of different sectors/technologies
have different impacts on the reduction of primary
energy consumption and CO2.
If we want to maximize the effect of energy efficiency on
reduction of primary energy consumption and of CO2
emissions we have to concentrate the efforts on
electricity consumption. 1 kWh at final consumption
corresponds to 2.5 4 kWh of primary energy taking
care of efficiencies for electricity production,
transmission and distribution.
Invest in high efficiency motors, drives, lamps, white
goods that are responsible of around 3/4 of electricity

consumptions in industrialized countries and increase

efficiency of power plants!
60
The different technology sectors have different
characteristics but the same principles should
apply for incentives:
incentives to final users / ESCOs
tax deductions to suppliers of high efficiency

products.
61
But key issue is to arrive at a spread culture of the
life cycle cost (no concentration on the simple initial
investment but on all the costs of O&M and
especially on the energy bill that will be always
increasing).
Information, communication and training are basic

means to disclose / spread the energy efficiency in
production sites / offices / commercial-governmental
and residential buildings.
Energy audits and performing contracts must be

supported by institutions as an instrument to

promote interventions of energy efficiency
improvements.
62
The top management of companies must create a
proactive position of the key managers and perform
analyses of processes / installed assets. Specs, bids
and evaluating criteria must be based on both CAPEX
and OPEX.
Governments must start campaigns on energy savings
and implementation of possible structural changes in
living styles (private transports, etc.). They should take
the lead with government procurement policies.
Controls are needed for certification and against
counterfeit labeling with severe penalties to companies

who mislabel their products .
63
Information and communication as said above are
crucial but it is important to find new messages
and new methods of communication.
Turn on television and internet good samples of
energy efficiency applications and hold annual
awards to companies/persons that have
implemented high efficiency projects. And this in the
three main sectors of transport, industry and
government-residential-commercial buildings and
with the collaboration of private companies,

associations and NGO's.
64
Promote strong policies through intervention of
all the private companies in a sector (see
example of cement) that are engaged to buy only
products / systems with high efficiency.
Engage the world of finance and banking, and
their interventions in favor of funding of energy
efficiency projects.
Aggregated into a single project many
interventions (e.g all the buildings of 1 street, all
the schools of one quarter, some similar

industries, etc) leading to a dimension that is not

subcritical for financing efforts.
65
In short:
Structural approach to the medium-long term with
adequate strategy for financing both info campaigns,
R & D and incentives for introduction of high efficiency
products to substitute non efficient ones.
Priority to laws compelling sales of only high efficiency
products.
Stability of the legislative and regulatory framework.
Effective and spread educational campaigns.
Support activities for audits.
Mechanisms of self-certification for administrative

simplification.
Control of counterfeits.
66
ABB Group
67
ABB can contribute to energy efficiency
improvements:
by providing specialists capable of appraising and
monitoring how energy is used and of identifying
specific areas for improvement;
by providing the equipment, systems and solutions to
reduce energy consumption and losses, improve
productivity and manage equipment and processes
more effectively.
Individual products can significantly increase
energy efficiency, but the most impressive savings

come from optimizing entire systems and

processes.
68
ABB Global Consulting
ABB Global
Consulting 500+ consulting and
Track Record in IEE engineering
Methodology professionals
Typical Results
Main hubs located in the
Building on success
UK, ITALY and US
Questions /
Discussion Key service areas are:
Industrial Energy
Efficiency
An international technical consultancy
Operational providing engineering and project
Improvement services to the process industries
Process Safety
Reliability &
Maintenance
69
Industrial Energy Efficiency
Track Record - Countries, Sectors, Customers
ABB Global Energy Efficiency Savings by World Region

Consulting Global Results
Identified energy saving opportunities to date in North & South America, Asia & Europe
Track Record in IEE 45 IEE programs
over 4 years for 20 +
Methodology customers
Typical Results
Building on success Sectors

Questions /
Metals
Discussion
Pharmaceuticals
Chemicals
Pulp & Paper
Consumer
Oil & Gas
Customers
Arcelor Mittal, RTZ

Boyne, Alcan
Pfizer, Genzyme,
Novartis,
Guangzho Paper,
Myllykoski
Coca Cola, RHM
70
Program Overview
ABB Global
Consulting ABBs proven methodology to help customers reduce energy 5% to 20%
Track Record in IEE

consumption. Industrial Energy
Efficiency saves
Methodology Industrial Energy Efficiency is a 3 phase program, designed to between 5% and
20% of our
Typical Results deliver sustainable energy savings: customers energy
bill, dependent upon
Building on success the industry and site
specifics.
Questions /
Discussion
Opportunity
Master Plan Implementation
Identification
US$ 75M
Find the Savings Develop the Solution Gain the Benefits
Total energy saved
per year, every year,
On-site Assessment ABB Services
Solution Options via Industrial Energy

Efficiency (IEE)
Recommendations Cost Estimates ABB Technologies across all industrial
sectors since 2006.

Technology & Control Payback & ROI Solution Implementation
Behaviours & Practices Project Specification Measure Success
Monitoring & Targeting Quantify Benefits
71
Methodology Engagement Process
ABB Global
Consulting 1st Phase of IEE Aims
Usually 6 10 weeks
Track Record in IEE Identify new
opportunities to
Methodology improve energy
efficiency
Typical Results
Conducted by:
Need to be practical,
helpful, scaled,
Building on success Energy Consultants prioritised.
Questions / Identify opportunities
Discussion Specialist Engineers to improve energy
management
Supported by Consider
organisation,
practices,
Clients Team information, know-
how
Identify existing good
Subject Matter practices
Experts
Staged Approach Joint Team

Study performed with

On Site Assessment team members from
the site and the
extended customer
Remote Analysis energy efficiency
network.
72

KNS02 Clerici Efficiency

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

KNS02 Clerici Efficiency

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Energy Efficiency

a Recipe for Success

1) The present situation worldwide for energy

Israel Eilat 14 November 2012

primary energy +20%;

electricity consumption +30%.

Energy has been and is increasingly becoming the key factor

Israel Eilat 14 November 2012

The electricity generated in 2030 will absorb 44% of primary

The EU target of 20% reduction of CO2 in 2020 is

ENERGY and ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS are GLOBAL

ALL TECHNOLOGIES TO BE CONSIDERED

THE GOOD EXAMPLES ARE DRIVING AND DECISIVE?

Africa by far the continent with the largest population growth:

1,5 billion people in 2030 with respect to present 1 billion

ME, S. Asia + SE Asia and FE with ~ 60% of world population

Installed capacity Energy production

Other Renewables 3.5% 1.7%

Israel Eilat 14 November 2012

Solar 1.2% 0.3%

USA ~ 4350 Canada ~ 600

Israel Eilat 14 November 2012

2 countries ~ 40% global production

Increase in % of electricity from fossil fuels!

The increase of renewables does not overcome the

But resources for potential unconventional oil from:

The boom of shale gas in North America; possible global

resources 4 times those of conventional gas.

Source: International Energy Agency, Global Insight

140 Primary energy demand

2007 2020 2030

To reduce both the consumption of the limited fossil

1. rationalization/reduction of energy consumptions

Israel Eilat 14 November 2012

2. use of carbon free energy sources

Meeting the energy challenges requires the world to:

Israel Eilat 14 November 2012

energy efficiency, doing the same with less:

energy conservation: changes in standards of

leaving, doing / having less with less.

of energy (e.g. electrical);

the final application devices (boilers, mechanical drives,

Something can and must be done (e.g. power factor

very fat animal.

For new long transmission systems of bulk electricity

plants but even simple applications (more efficient fuel

combustion, boiler operation, Variable Speed Drives added to

motors driving pumps and fans etc.) bring interesting savings

Power generation is by far the largest energy

systems using sophisticated control systems and

150 million kg of additional fuel available to produce

Additional green house gases are also to be expected to

Israel Eilat 14 November 2012

The technology is a software, non-intrusive and

chemicals, utility, pulp & paper, cement and so on.

In some developing countries, being the industrial

At a global level electrical motors are consuming ~9000

- less capacity needed for around 250,000 MW;

- reduction of 0.8 billion t/year of CO2;

Electrical motors operate all kinds of machines, fans, pumps,

A LV motor, in its life, costs 2% for the initial investment and

Israel Eilat 14 November 2012

HIGH EFFICIENCY MOTORS ARE IN THE MARKET

It is similar to control your cars speed with the brake