Chapter 7:

Air
 Lesson Outline
recognise that substances can be classified as elements,
compounds and mixtures
distinguish among elements, compounds and mixtures
identify an element as the basic building block of matter
recognise that elements are classified according to their
properties
describe compounds as substances consisting of two or
more chemically combined elements
describe mixtures as two or more elements and/or
compounds that are not chemically combined
classify elements as metals and non-metals based on their
characteristic properties
show an appreciation of the systematic investigation
involved in the study of substance
1. Composition of air:
a) Nitrogen 78%
b) Oxygen 21%
c) Carbon dioxide 0.03%
d) Inert gases and other 0.97%
substances (microorganisms,
water vapour and dust)

*Example of inert gases: Helium, Argon, Neon

2. The amount of each components in the air
varies according to place and time

3. Air is a mixture because the components can

be separated by physical method which is
fractional distillation.
Importance of gases

Inert gas
Helium is used to fill hot air balloons
Neon gas used in advertising
light

Oxygen is used
for respiration
for combustion
in oxy-acetylene flames for welding

Nitrogen is used
in production of nitric acid
and ammonia
 Carbon cycle and Oxygen cycle
Carbon cycle
Carbon cycle is the cycle that maintains the content of
carbon dioxide in the air by continuously taking carbon
dioxide from the air and into the air

Oxygen cycle
The oxygen cycle is the cycle that uses oxygen from the air
and return it to the air.

The carbon cycle and oxygen cycle are important to

maintain the content of gases in the air.
Ways to prevent interferences in Oxygen and Carbon Cycles

The oxygen and carbon cycles are disrupted

due to human activities that cause the
increase of carbon dioxide in atmosphere

The effect of the increase of carbon dioxide in the air:

a) Greenhouse effect
b) Sudden climate change
c) Global warming
Some ways to prevent interruption in Oxygen
and Carbon Cycles:

a) Prohibit illegal logging

b) Replanting tree / reforestation
c) Avoid open burning
d) Avoid using excessive pesticides
e) Decrease the use of fossil fuel
f) Car-pooling to work
 The carbon cycle and oxygen cycle are
important to maintain the content of
gases in the air.

Carbon dioxide needed in: