A presentation on

HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

1
 Topics: We will discuss-
1. DAM
2. BRIDGES
3. CULVERTS
4. SLUICE GATES
5. AQUEDUCTS
6. SIPHONS

Presented By-
Nusrat Nasreen Khan, Syeda Khushnuma Wasim, M A Rafsan Mazumder,
Faisal Razy Anqur, A. S. M. Akram Samrat

2
DAM

3
What is Dam?

A dam is a barrier that impounds water

or underground steams. Dams generally
serve the primary purpose of retaining
water, while other structures such
as floodgates or levees (also known
as dikes) are used to manage or prevent
water flow into specific land
regions. Hydropower and pumped-
storage hydroelectricity are often used in
conjunction with dams to generate
electricity. A dam can also be used to
collect water or for storage of water
which can be evenly distributed between
locations.

4

A dam must be watertight so that
water does not leak out of the dam
and escape downstream.
Watertight
How Does
Dam Work?
Releasing
Water
A dam must have some way of releasing
water in controlled amounts as it is
needed an outlet valve of some type.
A dam wall must have sufficient strength to
stand permanently under its own weight
especially when at least part of the dam wall
is saturated with water and to resist the water
pressure in the lake upstream of the dam.
Sufficient
Strength
Flood Water
Flow
A dam must have some means whereby
these large volumes of flood water can
flow around the dam without causing
damage to the dam itself.
5
CROSS SECTION

6
7
8
 Syncrude Tailings Dam, Canada

Storage Capacity of
350106 m3

producing up to 250,000
tons a day of tailings

Embankment ratio about 4:1

SOME OF THE WORLDS GREATEST DAMS

Tarbela Dam, Pakistan

Holding 11,600,000
acre feet of water

Discharge capacity of
18,406 cubic meters/s

The main dam wall

stretching 2,743 meters
9
 To provide a
supply of
water for
towns, cities
and mining
sites

To provide a To generate
supply of Why Dam electricity in
water for the is hydro-electric
irrigation of Important? power
crops stations

To help
control or
mitigate
floods
10
BRIDGES

11
What is a BRIDGE?
A bridge is a structure built to span physical
obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road,
for the purpose of providing passage over the
obstacle.

12
As the hydraulic fluid is How Does a
pushed under pressure, the
fluid travels through pipes
Bridge Work? A bridge has the ability
to handle varying loads
eventually leading to a (wind/ice) and possesses
vertical shaft leading to the smooth acceleration and
mid-span of the bridge. deceleration
Fluid
Travelling Varying
to Mid- Loads
Span

Horizontal Pinned
Sideway Connection
Direction In arch bridges at
In Arch based the midpoint of the
bridges the main arch there is a
forces are directed in pinned connection,
a horizontal essentially making
sideways direction. it a three hinged
arch
13
14
15
CROSS SECTION

16
17
18
The Uses of Hydraulic Bridges

Pedestrian Water
Footbridge Transportatio
n

Vehicular
Light Vehicles Transportatio
n

19
 Golden Gate
Bridge, San
Francisco

Worlds Famous Bridge

Sydney
Harbor
Bridge

20
CULVERTS

21
 What is a CULVERT?

A culvert is a structure
that allows water to
flow under a road,
railroad, trail, or
similar obstruction.
Typically embedded so
as to be surrounded by
soil, a culvert may be
made from a pipe,
reinforced concrete or
other material.

22
TYPES OF CULVERTS

Pipe Single or Multiple

Pipe Arch Single or Multiple Box culvert

Box Culvert Single or Multiple

Bridge Culvert
Arch Culvert
Arch culvert

Bridge culvert Pipe culvert 23

 For inlet control, the control section is at the
upstream end of the barrel, whereas for outlet
control, it is at the downstream end of the culvert Roadway
overtopping deals
with the rising of
headwater to the
elevation of the
Roadway
Overtopping roadway
Inlet and Outlet
Control

Performance Curves

The culvert
performance curve is
made up of the
controlling portions of
the inlet, outlet and
How Does a Culvert roadway overtopping
performance curve
Work? 24
CROSS SECTION

25
26
27
The Uses of Culvert is used to convey
water from one area to
Culvert another, usually from one
side of a road to the
Conveying
Water other side.

Safe
Passage
in arable
farm
Carrying
Culvert is an traffic
integral part of
any arable farm
providing a safe
passage over
ditch fields into Culvert is used to form a bridge-
arable fields like structure to carry traffic.
28
SLUICE GATE

29
 A gate

What is Sluice
Gate?
A frame A power
mechanism

A sluice gate is a mechanism used

to cut off or obstruct the passage
of a fluid, normally water. They
have three main parts: a gate, a
frame and a power mechanism.
They can be designed for different
loads of water and operating
heights, according to the
requirements of the installation.

30
Many sluice gates are moved by When gates are used in applications with a
means of a threaded rod system, large amount of water pressure, they are
which needs to be regularly cleaned raised and lowered by hydraulic systems
and greased. to control the sluice gate flow.

Threaded rod Hydraulic System

system
How Does
Sluice Gate
Work?
Manual Raise and Electrically driven
Lowering hoisting system

Sometimes in smaller uses, such

as in cranberry bogs, the gates At other times than manual, an
are raised and lowered electrically-driven hoisting system is
manually. used.
31
32
CROSS SECTION

33
34
35
 Irrigation Channels Sewage Treatment Stations
(WWTP)

What is the Use of

Sluice Gate?

Drinking Water Treatment Sewers and

Stations (ETAP) Reservoirs

36
AQUEDUCT

37
What is an AQUEDUCT?

An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to convey water.

The term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches,
canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose.
The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth.
Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines.

38
39
CROSS SECTION

40
Aqueduct is a structure How does an aqueduct
constructed at the
intersection of two work?
waterways.

OPEN CHANNEL
carries the discharge of
one waterway above
the other.

Usually the smaller UNDER

waterways discharge GROUND PIPE
passes above the large TUNNEL
one.
41
42
uses of aqueducts

Irrigation of Supply
croplands drinking
water

Help
Control drought
flood prone areas
with water
supplies

43
SIPHON

44
What is Siphon?
Siphon refer to a wide variety of
devices that involve the flow of
liquids through tubes, but in the
narrower sense it refers
specifically to a tube in an
inverted U shape which causes a
liquid to flow uphill, above the
surface of the reservoir, without
pumps, powered by the fall of
the liquid as it flows down the
tube under the pull of gravity and
is discharged at a level lower
than the surface of the reservoir
whence it came.

45
 A restatement of
conservation of energy
How Siphon principle in that the sum of
Bernoullis
Works Principle all energy at any given
point in the siphon flow is
constant.

Energy Unlike a
Difference Manometer
A siphon works because
gravitational potential energy Operates as a measurement of
difference between liquid in two pressures in static balance
the upper reservoir and lower
when the inlet and the outlet
reservoir leaves reduced
pressure at the top of the are at the same level.
siphon proportional to the
height differences. 46
 SIPHON
FUNCTION
PROCESS

47
CROSS SECTION

48
49
50
 Self-constructed siphons,
How Siphon is made of pipes or tubes,
can be used to evacuate
Important? water from cellars after
flooding.

Evacuating Water Siphoning is common in

irrigated fields to transfer
a controlled amount of
water from a ditch, over
Transferring Water the ditch wall, into
furrows.

Waterworks and Industry Large siphons are used

in municipal waterworks
and industry. Their size
requires control via
valves at the intake and
outlet of the siphon.
51
THANK YOU

52