EBP Ebm SAK 2017
EBP Ebm SAK 2017
KEPERAWATAN
Bagaimana penggunaan
Antiseptik di RS Saudara?
Kenapa dipilih bahan antiseptik
tsb?
Apa dasarnya?
APAKAH EBP?
EBP=evidence based
practice=praktek profesi
berbasis bukti ilmiah
adalah praktek
profesional dengan
mengintegrasikan
(1) pengalaman
klinik/profesi,
(2) bukti-bukti ilmiah
hasil penelitian dengan
(3) nilai-nilai spesifik
individual pasien
Apakah Best Research Evidence?
Randomized controlled trials
Laboratory experiments
Clinical trials
Epidemiological research
Outcomes research
Qualitative research
Expert practice knowledge,
inductive reasoning
JURNAL ILMIAH
BERKUALITAS DAN TERKINI
LEVEL 1 OF EVIDENCE
CRITICAL APPRAISAL JOURNAL
BAGAIMANAKAH LEVEL OF EVIDENCE?
EVIDENCE=SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE-INFORMASI/DATA
HASIL DARI PENELITIAN KLINIS - DILAPORKAN
DALAM BENTUK PUBLIKASI ILMIAH
ADA PEMERINGKATAN PUSTAKA ILMIAH BERDASAKAN
KEMAMPUANNYA SEBAGAI EVIDENCE
PEMERINGKATAN EVIDENCE SESUAI DENGAN
VALIDITAS HASIL CRITICAL APPRAISAL/HASIL KAJIAN
KRITIS
EVIDENCE BERTINGKAT: 1-5/6/7
PERINGKAT I:REVIEW SISTEMATIK, RCT MCS/SAMPEL
BESAR DST
META
ANALISIS
RCT
Apakah keahlian klinis?
Pengalaman yg didapat
selama kerja profesi
Pelatihan-pelatihan
Ketrampilan klinis
Apakah value/kharakteristik per pasien?
Keunikan pasien
Keyakinan/perhatian
harapan2
Sumber biaya
Dukungan sosial
KEUNIQ-AN
PASIEN
5 STEP EBP:
1. Permasalahan klinik
2. Searching bukti ilmiah
Evidence-Based Practice
3. Kajian kritis
=apa yg kita kerjakan
4. Menerapkan
adalah yang terbaik
5. Evaluasi
MENGAPAKAH PRAKTIK
KEPERAWATAN HARUS EBP?
1. KLINIS-EFIKASI
2. KLINIS-SAFTY MENGHINDARI RISIKO
HARM/HAZARD
3. KLINIS-EKONOMI
4. ETIKOLEGAL-HUKUM: MALPRAKTIK
KESALAHAN MEDIKASI
5. KLINIS-PRAKTIS-TEAM WORK
Mengapa EBP penting ?
Salah satu kompetensi wajib yang harus dikuasai
oleh tenaga kesehatan dalam mewujudkan
pelayanan yang berkualitas dan berorientasi
keselamatan pasien.
All health professionals should be educated to deliver patient-
centered care as members of an interdisciplinary team,
emphasizing evidence-based practice, quality improvement
approaches, and informatics.
(Institute of Medicine, 2003)
EBP meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan
Evidence-based practice (EBP) salah satu dari
5 kompetensi utama semua profesi kesehatan
(Institute of Medicine, 2003).
Tenaga kesehatan memiliki kewajiban
melakukan long life education
Managerial
skills: decision
Enhance maker & smart
Communication
Long life skill
learner
TAHAPAN PROSES EBP
Pada preterm infant
Apakah pemberian insulin
Dapat menurunkan morbiditas
Atau mortalitas?
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS
PELAYANAN
HAI
Patients PPI
safety Pencegahan ILO
Peningkatan
Kesalahan medikasi
Keberhasilan terapi
(CPR)
VAP
ADR
PENGALAMAN SAUDARA?
Kanula nasal
Hipotermi pada bayi asfiksia
MEDICATION EROR
PPI-SEPTIC SHOCK
VAP
Pada bayi pre matur apakah penggunaan
Kanula nasal heigh flow efektif dalam
Menurunkan angka mortalitas?
Apakah level
Evidence jurnal?
Apakah informasinya
Penting?
Apakah dapat
diaplikasikan?
Bagaimana informasi ttg efektifitas
dan safety penggunaan kanula nasal
The use of high-flow nasal cannulae was noninferior to the use of nasal CPAP, with treatment failure
occurring in 52 of 152 infants (34.2%) in the nasal-cannulae group and in 39 of 151 infants (25.8%) in the
CPAP group (risk difference, 8.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 18.7). Almost half the
infants in whom treatment with high-flow nasal cannulae failed were successfully treated with CPAP
without reintubation. The incidence of nasal trauma was significantly lower in the nasal-cannulae group
than in the CPAP group (P = 0.01), but there were no significant differences in rates of serious adverse
events or other complications.
Conclusions
Although the result for the primary outcome was close to the margin of noninferiority, the efficacy of high-
flow nasal cannulae was similar to that of CPAP as respiratory support for very preterm infants after
extubation. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council; Australian New Zealand Clinical
Trials Network number, ACTRN12610000166077.)
A total of 75 of 145 children (52%) in the hypothermia group versus 52 of 132 (39%) in the
control group survived with an IQ score of 85 or more (relative risk, 1.31; P=0.04).
The proportions of children who died were similar in the hypothermia group and
the control group (29% and 30%, respectively). More children in the hypothermia group than in
the control group survived without neurologic abnormalities (65 of 145 [45%] vs. 37 of 132
[28%]; relative risk, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 2.22). Among survivors, children in
the hypothermia group, as compared with those in the control group, had significant reductions
in the risk of cerebral palsy (21% vs. 36%, P=0.03) and the risk of moderate or severe disability
(22% vs. 37%, P=0.03); they also had significantly better motor-function scores. There was no
significant between-group difference in parental assessments of childrens health status and in
results on 10 of 11 psychometric tests.
KASUS:PENURUNAN HAI DI PICU
Kejadian (hospital associated infection) HAI masih tinggi. Sebagai kepala
ruang PICU Saudara bermaksud menurunkan kejadian HAI di PICU RS
Saudara.Salah satu masukan tentang bentuk interfensi untuk menurunkan
kejadian HAI di ruangan adalah dengan menggunakan Antiseptik. Sebelum
masukan tersebut dilaksanakan bermaksud mencari bukti ilmiah Tingkat
keberhasilan penggunaan antiseptik dalam menurunkan kejadian HAI.
Bagaimana langkah Saudara untuk mendapatkan evidence tsb?
Kesalahan Kesalahan
Administrasi etiket
obat
Patient Safety and Medical Errors Become a
National Concern
53
Preventing Medication Errors: Recommendations
Patients rights and enhancing consumer
information
Utilizing HIT:
Prescribing and transmission of all prescriptions
electronically by 2010
Appropriate clinical decision support
Adopt other appropriate technology (eMAR, bar
coding, smart iv pumps)
Monitor for medication errors
Standards for HIT
More research
Pediatrics a prime focus area 54
Overview
Why medication errors occur in children
Pediatric medication error epidemiology
Inpatient
Outpatient
Prevention strategies
HIT
Safety and quality
Financial
55
Why medication errors occur in
children
Weight based dosing
Stock medicine dilution
Ten fold errors
Decreased communication abilities
Inability to self-administer medications
Increased vulnerability of young, critically ill
children
Immature renal and hepatic systems
56
Comparisons of Adult and Pediatric Inpatients
Pediatrics Adults**
Orders reviewed 10,778 10,070
Medication errors 616 (5.7%) 530 (5.3%)
Near Misses 115 (1.1%) 35 (0.35%) *
ADEs 26 (0.24%) 25 (0.25%)
Preventable ADEs 5 (0.05%) 5 (0.05%)
*p value <0.05
**Study performed at Brigham and Womens Hospital in 1992 using similar
methods
Kaushal et al, JAMA 2001
57
Error Stage for Medication Errors
Transcribe
Ordering 10%
74% Dispense
13%
Administer
2%
Monitor
1%
58
Near Misses in the NICU per 100 orders
3 2.8
2.5
1.5 1.3
1 *
0.77
*
0.5 0.35
*
0
NICU PICU Med/Surg Adult
* P<0.001
59
JAMA 2001;285;2114-20
Ambulatory Setting: Medication
Errors
2952 medication
errors
1.6 errors per
patient
Weight
1.3 errors per
Other
prescription
Dose
521 (12%) rx Route
inappropriate Amount
abbreviation Strength
1389 (64%) rx
partially illegible
60
KESIMPULAN
Perawat memegang peran vital di RS dalam PPI
Penguasaan prinsip EBP sangat diperlukan oleh perawat.
Penanganan PPI dengan prinsip EBP lebih menjamin
kualitas outcome