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Universidad

Carlos III de Madrid


www.uc3m.es
Materials Science and Engineering

Introduction to the Course

Luis Snchez Garrido


Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical
Engineering
E-mail: lusanche@ing.uc3m.es
Office: 1.1 C 15 / 1.1 G 04
The Syllabus*: What will you learn?

Topic 1:Basic concepts of materials science and engineering


Classification of materials, applications and selection criteria.

Topic 2: Structure of materials


Bonding in solids. Crystal structure. Lattices. Defects. Diffusion

Topic 3: Phase diagrams


Basic concepts. Diagrams of one- & two-component systems. Melting. Fe-C system.

Topic 4: Materials properties

Mechanical properties. Electric properties.


The Syllabus*: What will you learn?

Topic 5: Metallic materials

Solidification. Classification of alloys. Steel.

Topic 6: Ceramic materials

Structure & bonding. Silicates. Glasses. Properties, processing & applications.

Topic 7: Polymer materials

Classification & properties. Processing & applications.

Topic 8: Composite materials

Definition & classification. Polymer composites. Processing of composites.


Course material

Books

ASHBY MF, Engineering materials: an introduction to their properties


and applications, Pergamon Press1981.
ASKELAND DR, Essentials of materials science and engineering,
Cengage Learning 2010 .
CALLISTER WD, Materials science and engineering: an introduction,
John Wiley & Sons 2003.
MANGONON PL, The principles of materials selection for
engineering design, Prentice Hall 1999
SMITH WF, Principles of materials science and engineering,
McGraw-Hill, 1990.
Course material

Online content (Aula Global)

Program of lectures

Lecture notes

Problems & Exercises


The Assessment
% Mark Concept Description
LABORATORY SESSIONS (10%)

Attendance to laboratory
10% Laboratory reports Final questionnaire
CONTINUOUS EVALUATION (30%)

15% Exercises (3) 1 big problem each: 20 min, aprox.

15% Assessment tests (3) 10 questions each: 20 min, aprox.

FINAL EXAM (60%)

Questions/Problems on all the topics of


60% Final examination this subject.

To pass this subject the final mark should be at least 4

Final mark = 0.6*Exam + 0.3*C.E. + 0.1*Lab.


Laboratory sessions (10 %)

Laboratory sessions are mandatory!

There are 4 of them (see Aula Global for schedule and where
to attend each session)!
You must:

Bring your lab coat to the laboratory sessions.

Study the safety measures & lab-work documentation


that can be found on Aula Global (bring them to the sessions)

Assessment: Questionnaire.
Laboratory sessions (10 %)

Questions or comments regarding lab sessions:

Francisco Javier Gonzlez Benito


Office: 1.1 A 06
E-mail: javid@ing.uc3m.es
Continuous evaluation (30 %)

Exercises (15%) Tests (15%)


Complex problem from the topics 10 questions from the topics
Written, 30 min aprox., on the Written, 20 min aprox., on the
classes classes

See Schedule for each group See Schedule for each group
Final exam (60 %)

Something that you will work for the whole semester.

Typically 5-6 question + 2-3 problems from all topics

Similar to quizzes, but more difficult

Not fun, but very important

All lecturers of MSE participate in the preparation of


questions/problems for the final test.
Schedule: go to Aula Global

Good luck!
Studying tips

Lectures

Inform yourselves about the upcoming topic in advance.

Ask the questions


= Important!
Write down important information
= Tests!
Problems & Exercises
= Cool!
Attend the classes

Practice & anticipate

Do your homework & Keep it up to date


Studying tips

Tutorials & Consultations*

Mondays, Tuesdays or Fridays: 7 pm 8 pm


Get appointment:

lusanche@ing.uc3m.es

(1 student ~ 30 min)
Review

Introduction to the course

Questions?

Next session:

Topic 1.1. Concepts of materials science and engineering.


Families of materials. Properties, applications and selection
of materials
Suggested reading for the next session:

Chapter 1. of ASKELAND DR, Essentials of materials science and


engineering, Cengage Learning 2010 .
Universidad
Carlos III de Madrid
www.uc3m.es
Materials Science and Engineering
Topic 1.1 Concepts of materials science and
engineering. Families of materials. Properties,
applications and selection of materials

Why do we study materials?


What is materials science and engineering?
What are different types of materials?
How can one classify the properties of materials?
Are the structure and the properties of materials
related?
How do engineers select materials for particular
application?
Why do we study materials?

Materials that we use influence our lives significantly.


Example 1: Chairs

Example 2: Letter shapes


Why do we study materials?

Have you ever wondered why are the prehistoric epochs named
after the dominant material that was used and modern period is
not?

Deeper understanding of material structure and properties via


scientific approach provides a versatility in the materials used today
and reduces the civilizations dependency on the particular material.
Materials science and engineering

Definition
Materials science and engineering (MSE) is an interdisciplinary
field concerned with inventing new materials and improving
previously known materials by developing a deeper
understanding of the microstructure-composition-synthesis-
processing relationships.
Composition: the chemical make-up of a material or what are
materials made of.

Structure: the arrangement of atoms in the material on a given scale

Synthesis: how are materials made from chemicals

Processing: how are materials shaped into useful forms


Materials science and engineering

Materials science
Application
the emphasis is on the
investigation of relationships
between the synthesis and
processing, as well as structure
and properties of materials
Properties
Structure

Materials engineering Processing

the focus is on how to translate


or transform materials into a
useful device or structure.
Classification of materials

How to classify a material?

According to its: composition, structure, specific property,


function in specific application etc.

Main classes/families of materials*


Metals (Al, Ag, Au, alloys etc)
Ceramics (Al2O3, SiO2,BaTiO3, SiO2-Na2O-CaO, etc.)
Polymers (PE, PVC, PET, cellulose etc.)
Composites (rubber-carbon, reinforced plastics etc.)

*-some classifications also include semiconductors as a


separate class of materials (CdSe, InP, Si,Te, etc.)
General characteristics of
main classes
Metals
electric & thermal
Metal atoms Metallic bond Crystalline conductivity;
workability;
composition bonding structure ductility
properties

Ceramics
Compounds of Hard; brittle; electric &
Ionic/covalent Crystalline or thermal insulators;
metals & non- thermal and chemical
bond amorphous
metals stability
composition bonding structure properties

Polymers
Chains of Covalent & Electric & thermal
Semicrystalline insulators;
organic secondary processablity at low
or amorphous
molecules bonds working T; low density
composition bonding structure properties
General characteristics of main
classes
Composites
Artificial materials produced by mixing of two (or more)
components with different properties:
Major phase or matrix (typically ~ 90 wt.% of the material)

Minor phase or filler (up to 10 wt.% of the material)

Great range of properties that depend on the constituent


materials
General characteristics of main
classes
Composites
Classification on the type of the major phase:
Ceramic (matrix) composites

Metal (matrix) composites

Polymer (matrix) composites

Why composites?
To combine properties of the components in one material.

To improve the properties of the matrix by introducing the filler.


General characteristics of main
classes
Can you guess from which class of materials are certain parts
of the car made of?
ceramic

metal

composite
polymer
Functional classification of
materials
Classification according to specific application or
function:

Functional classification:
Aerospace materials Magnetic materials

Biomedical materials Optical & photonic


materials
Electronic materials
Smart materials
Materials for energy &
Structural materials
environmental technology
Functional classification of
materials
Properties of the materials

What is a material property?


How the material responds on the outside stimuli like mechanical
force, electromagnetic radiation, chemical environment etc.

Classification of material properties:


Mechanical (strength, elasticity, ductility etc.)

Electric (conductivity, dielectric & ferroelectric properties )

Thermal (melting temperature, phase transitions etc.)

Magnetic (magnetization, magneto-resistance)

Optical (transparency, absorption, emission etc.)

Deteriorative (oxidative degradation, corrosion etc.)


Structure-property relationship
Exam
Is there a correlation between the structure of the materials and their
properties? Optica
Pr
Is it possible to extend conclusions drawn from the structure-property
dif
relationship of a particular material to a broader class of materials? dif
Yes & Yes! These statements are the creed of materials science. Str
tra
Example 1.
Mg po
Al
Crystal lattices of Al and Mg W

Property: Al ductile, Mg brittle

Structure: Al more symmetric crystall


latice =>more directions for elastic
deformations!
Selection of materials
Engineers consider a number of factors in the selection of
materials for particular applications
The essential factors in the selection process are:

Appropriate physical and mechanical properties

Ability to process selected material into desired shape

The cost of the material and its processing should be justified by


economic factors & current market

Additional important factors are also considered, such as:

That the material & and its processing should be respectful of the
environment
Low density of the material (strength to density ratio!)
Selection of materials
Selection of materials is performed in series of steps in which the benefits and
dissadvantages of classes of materials are being evaluated.

Once the class is chosen, the selection of a particular material takes place.

Homework
Name the most important criteria for selecting materials to use in (a) a
household ladder, (b) Vynil records case, (c) a bicycle frame. Identify
materials that would satisfy these criteria.
Review

Topic 1.1: Basic concepts of MSE

Definition of materials science & engineering

Main classes/families of materials & their characteristics

Properties of materials

Structure-property relationship

Principles of materials selection


Review

Next session:

Topic 1.2. Bonding in solids. Relation between bonding,


structure and properties of materials.
Suggested reading for the next session:

Sections 2.5 2.7 of CALLISTER WD, Materials science and


engineering: an introduction, JohnWiley & Sons 2003.

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