PROGRAMME PROPOSAL

PRESENTED BY:
RICHELLE ANNE B. CORREA,RN

PRESENTED TO:
CATHERINE L. VERZOSA,MSN
 THE BATTLE
BEGINS!
K N O W Y O U R E N EM Y BEF O R E I T
AT TA C K S Y O U
(CANCER)
RATIONALE
RATIONALE:

1. The burden of cancer in low- and medium-income

countries just like the Philippines is expected to increase in
the next decades.

2. The application of current knowledge and

results of research in key areas would contribute to
limit the impact of this phenomenon.
3. A key element of this programme involves novel,
early cancer prevention strategies to increase healthy
life potential since cancer is more curable when detected
at an
early stage.
 OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:

After the seminar the participants will be able to:

1.To be able to identify and avoid carcinogens.

2.Tobecome aware of the

Common lifestyle associated to the causes of cancer.

3.Identify 10 simple ways to prevent/ reduce cancer risk.

4. Know the steps in cancer development.

5. List the environmental factors that influence cancer

development.
Describe the relationship between lifestyle and cancer.

6. Describe the relationship between lifestyle and cancer.

7. Describe some of the characteristics of more well-known

cancers.
METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY
The program will be a seminar-video type where in before the
starting lectures there will be a video presented to inspire the
participants which involves cancer survival stories/testimonies,
followed by interactive seminar with 3 sessions discussing several
cancerThis program is a video-seminar type where in participants will
topics.
be able to view a simple movie about testimonials of cancer
survivors and how they live their life after the illness, and followed
by discussions about chosen topics in cancer, how to avoid them and
its relationship with lifestyle.
 CONTENT
INTRODUCTION

COMMON LIFESTYLE
ASSOCIATED TO CANCERS
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE CANCER

PROCESS OF CANCER DEVELOPMENT

MALIGNANT VERSUS BENIGN TUMORS

10 WAYS TO PREVENT/REDUCE CANCER

 Introduction

Is a general term that is used for a group of disease that

affects multiple system of the body.
A group of disease characterized by the abnormal
growth and spread of cells.
Cancer affects one in three people in the U.S. and kills
one in four; each year more than 200,000 women are
diagnosed with breast cancer alone.
Diagnosed early, most cancers are treatable, and many
curable.
CARCINOGENS & ASSOCIATED CANCERS:

• Alkylating agents
o Acute myeloid leukemia, bladder cancer
• Androgens
o Prostate cancer
• Aromatic amines (dyes)
o Bladder cancer
• Arsenic
o Cancer of the lung, skin
• Asbestos
o Cancer of the lung, pleural and peritoneal
mesothelioma
• Benzene
o Acute myeloid leukemia
• Chromium
o Lung cancer
• Diethylstilbestrol (prenatal)
o Vaginal cancer (clear cell)
• Epstein–Barr virus
o Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasal T-cell lymphoma,
post-transplantation lymphoma,
AIDS-associated lymphoma, perhaps some cases
of Hodgkin’s disease,
nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China.
 • Estrogens


o Cancer of the endometrium, liver, breast

• Ethyl alcohol
o Cancer of the liver, esophagus, head and
neck
• Helicobacter pylori
o Gastric cancer
• Hepatitis B or C virus
o Liver cancer
o Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Kaposi’s
sarcoma, squamous-cell carcinomas
(especially of the urogenital tract)
• Estrogens
o Cancer of the endometrium, liver, breast
• Ethyl alcohol
o Cancer of the liver, esophagus, head and
neck
• Helicobacter pylori
o Gastric cancer
• Hepatitis B or C virus
o Liver cancer
o Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Kaposi’s
sarcoma, squamous-cell carcinomas
(especially of the urogenital tract)
• Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type1
o Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
• Immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine,
cyclosporine, glucocorticoids)
o Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• Nitrogen mustard gas
o Cancer of the lung, head and neck, nasal
sinuses
• Nickel dust
o Cancer of the lung, nasal sinuses
• Phenacetin
o Cancer of the renal pelvis and bladder
• Polycyclic hydrocarbons
o Cancer of the lung, skin (especially
squamous-cell carcinoma of scrotal skin)
• Schistosomiasis
o Bladder cancer (squamous-cell
carcinoma)
• Sunlight (ultraviolet)
o Skin cancer (squamous-cell carcinoma
and melanoma)
• Tobacco (including smokeless)
o Cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract,
bladder
• Vinyl chloride
o Liver cancer (angiosarcoma)
 Lifestyle Associated to Cancer

SMOKING:
The most avoidable risk factor for cancer
• Smoking causes diffuse epithelial injury in
the head, neck, esophagus, and lung.
• Smoking cessation may halt early stages of
the carcinogenic process (e.g., metaplasia); it
may have no effect on late stages of
carcinogenesis.
• The risk of tobacco smoke is not necessarily
limited to the smoker.
o Studies suggest environmental tobacco
smoke may cause lung cancer and other
pulmonary diseases in nonsmokers.

• Health risks of cigars similar to cigarettes

o 2 cigars per day doubles the risk for oral
and esophageal cancer.
o 3–4 cigars per day increases risk of oral
cancer 8-fold and esophageal cancer 4-
fold.
DIET MODIFICATION:

May have significant potential for lowering

cancer risk in western culture
o Studies suggest that diets high in fat
increase the risk for cancers of the breast,
colon, prostate, and endometrium.

o Highest incidence and mortality rates in

western countries, where fat comprises an
average of 40–45% of the total calories
consumed.
o In populations at low risk for these cancers,
fat accounts for <20% of calories.
• Dietary fat has not been proven to cause
cancer.
o Diet is a highly complex exposure to many
nutrients and chemicals.
o Low-fat diets may offer some
protection through anticarcinogens found
in
vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and
grains.
Protective substances include phenols,
sulfur-containing compounds,
flavones, and fiber.
Evidence points to a preventive effect of
vegetable and fruit consumption.
o Specific protective factors remain
uncertain.
o Best evidence of benefit is for
cancers of mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
larynx, lung,
stomach, kidney, colon and rectum,
ovary (vegetables only), and bladder
(fruit
only).
Dietary fiber appears protective against
colonic polyps and invasive cancer of the
colon.
Mechanisms involved are complex and
speculative.
Binding of oxidized bile acids
Generation of soluble fiber
products, such as butyrate, that may have
differentiating properties
SUN AVOIDANCE:

• Nonmelanoma skin cancers (basal cell and

squamous cell) are induced by cumulative
exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
• Intermittent acute sun exposure and sun
damage have been linked to melanoma.
o Sunburns, especially in childhood and
adolescence, are associated with an
increased
risk of melanoma in adulthood.
• Recommendations include wearing hats and
long sleeves and use of sunblock with at least
SPF 15.
 Environmental factors associated to
Cancer

According to the American Cancer

Society, factors in the environment account
for half of all cancers; these factors include
UV light, radiation, and industrial and
agricultural chemicals.

Roughly 40% of the food

in supermarkets in the
U.S. contains pesticide
residues; some of these
pesticides are banned in the U.S., but
come in on imports.
 More exposure come
from pesticides used in
community and home
spraying.
The Ames test,
developed by
biochemist Bruce
Ames, uses bacteria
to test for the
mutagenic potential
of various chemicals.
 Processes of Cancer
Development

DIAGNOSING CANCER:

Early and accurate diagnosis of cancer is important for

maximizing the success of treatment.
There are seven general warning signs of
cancer (CAUTION):
Various tests can be performed to confirm or
rule out cancer.
Blood tests can detect tumor markers,
such as HCG or PSA (prostate-
specific antigen).
Radioactively labeled monoclonal
antibodies are useful in pinpointing
the location and size of certain
tumors; medical imaging techniques
such as MRI, X rays, ultrasound, and
CT are also used to locate tumors.
The definitive detection tool is biopsy,
removal of a small piece of tissue for
microscopic examination.
A snippet of radioactively labeled DNA,
called a DNA probe, can be used to
locate gene mutations; however, it is
expensive and usually not covered by
insurance.
Recommended Cancer Screening Tests
 Malignant VS. Benign Tumors

Some tumors are cancer, others are not.

Overgrowth of cells in a tissue (hyperplasia) results in
the formation of a defined mass called a tumor,
or neoplasm.
Benign tumors are often enclosed in a capsule of
connective tissue.
The cells are organized in orderly array.
The cells grow slowly and are well
differentiated.
Because they do not affect surrounding
tissue (there are exceptions), they
usually are not considered a threat to
health.
© 2007 Thomson Higher Education
Dysplasia is an abnormal change in the
sizes, shapes, and organization of
cells in a tissue.
It is often a precursor to cancer.
Microscopically, the edges of the
tumor look ragged and the cells
are clumped.
Functionally the cells have many
characteristics that alter their
behavior from that of normal
cells.
Cancer cells have abnormal structure.
A cancer cell has a large nucleus, less
cytoplasm, and is poorly
differentiated.
The cytoskeleton shrinks and becomes
disorganized; proteins of the plasma
membrane also become altered.
Cellular division of transformed cells
results in cancerous daughter cells.
non-Hodgkin
lymphoma
29,070
Cancer cells lack normal controls over cell
division.
In a cancerous tumor, more cells are
dividing than dying, so growth
continues unaffected by the usual
contact inhibition provided by
crowding.
Cancer cells lack strong cell-to-cell
junctions and so tend to move about
(metastasis) and become malignant.
 Top 10 Ways to Prevent Cancer

Cancer... either you have had it, will develop it at some time, or
know someone who has had it or has it. Whether we like it or
not, cancer affects each one of us directly or indirectly.
Preventing cancer is easier than you may think. Through
simple lifestyle changes, we can reduce our risk of developing
many types of cancer.
1) Avoid smoking, whether it be actual
smoking or secondhand smoke.
We hear a dozen times a day how bad
cigarettes are for us and the risk of lung
cancer.
Why? Because smoking is the most
significant risk factors for cancers that we
can reduce.
Did you know that smoking can increase
your risk of many other cancers?
2) Practice sun safety and recognize when skin
changes occur.
Skin cancer is becoming more common,
especially among young people. Wear
sunscreen
when outdoors, even if it is shady, and try to
avoid the outdoors during the sun's peak
time,which is 10 am - 2 pm. Knowing your
skin's moles and spots is essential. Any
changes
need to be reported to your doctor ASAP.
3) Eat your fruits and veggies.
Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants,
which help repair our damaged cells. Green
veggies and orange and yellow fruits and
veggies are your best bet. Learn more about
antioxidants in this great article, "Antioxidants
and Cancer Prevention"
4) Watch the meats you eat, especially
smoked or cured foods.
Research suggests that a diet high in animal
fat can lead to the development of certain
cancers. A diet high in smoked foods, salted
fish and meat, and pickled vegetables
increases your risk factor for cancer.
5) Limit your alcohol intake.
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
regularly increases your risk factor for cancer.
Studies suggest that men who consume 2
alcoholic drink per day and women who have 1
alcoholic drink per day significantly increase
their risk factors for certain types of cancer.
6) Exercise for cancer prevention.
Being overweight greatly increases your risk
factor for developing cancer. So, exercising to
maintain or reach your ideal weight is one of
the best defenses against cancer. Exercising
doesn't have to be a bore, check out Top 10
Best Ways to Prevent Cancer Through
Exercise for some fun ways to exercise.
7) Know your personal and family history
of cancer.
Research tells us that some types of cancers
can be genetic. Knowing your family history
of
cancer can help you make more informed
decisions about your healthcare. It can also
aid in
genetic testing and counseling, to assist you
in finding out if you carry a mutated gene
that
increases your risk factor for cancer. Check
out "Genetic Cancers" for more
information
about genetic cancer, testing and counseling.
8) Know what chemicals you are being
exposed to in your work environment.
If you are exposed to fumes, dust, chemicals,
etc in the workplace, you have a right to know
what you are being exposed to. Gasoline, diesel
exhaust, arsenic, beryllium. vinyl chloride,
nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas,
and chloromethyl ethers are all carcinogens and
can be found in some work environments. Talk
to your employer about limiting exposure.
9) Practice safe sex.
Unsafe sex can result in the infection of the
HPV virus, a known cause for cervical cancer
and a risk factor for many other cancers. HPV
is a virus transmitted through sexual
intercourse. Learn more about HPV in "HPV:
What is HPV and How Do You Get It?"
10) Be sure to keep up on screening tests like
the Pap, mammograms, and DREs.
Make sure you have regular screening tests like
the Pap smear and mammogram if you
are a woman, and a DRE (digital rectal exam)
if you are a man. The Pap and DRE can
detect cellular changes before they become
cancerous, and the mammogram may be able to
detect breast cancer early. A rectal exam should
be part of a woman's yearly gyn exam.
 OPERATING
DETAILS

RESOURCE SPEAKER:
Dennis M. Tudtud, MD
Philippine Society of Medical Oncology

PARTICIPANTS:
The Administration, Faculty, Alumni, and Nursing
Students of the Cagayan State University at Aparri.

VENUE:
Ampi Theater Andrews
College,CSU-Caritan
Tuguegarao City

DATE:
July 25, 2010 at 7:30 am to 4:00 pm
FUNDING SOURCE:
Registrations:
Professionals---------P150.00
Students----------------P50.00
Solicitation from
Alumni-------------------P20,000
Administration------P15,000

LENGTH OF THE PROGRAM:

1 day; 8 hours and 30 minutes.
 BUDGET
PROPOSAL
Unit Quantity Amount/Unit Total

Invitation 300 P5 P1,500

Poster 50 P100 P5, 000

Certificates 300 P20 P6, 000

Physical Set-up 1 P1000 P1, 000

Seminars materials 300 30 P9,000

Snacks/Lunch 300 P80 P24, 000

Honorarium 1 10,000 P10,000

(Speaker)
Total P56,500
APPENDIX
Unit
PROGRAMME
Quantity Amount/Unit Total

Invitation REGISTRATION
300 P5 7:30-8:00 P1,500
OPENING PRAYER
Marylyn Damaso, RN 8:00-8:15
Poster 50
OPENING REMARKS P100 P5, 000
Catherine Verzosa, MSN 8:15-8:20
Certificates VIDEO PRESENTATION
300 P20 8:20-8:40 P6, 000

BREAK 8:40-9:00
Physical Set-up 1 P1000 P1, 000
INTRO. (SPEAKER)
Seminars materials Richelle300
Correa, RN 30 9:00-9:15 P9,000
Intro, Carcinogens, Common Lifestyle
Dr. Dennis Tudtud
Snacks/Lunch 300
9:15-10:15 P80 P24, 000
ICE BREAKER 10:15-10:30
Honorarium Environmental1 factors, Cancer Development
10,000 P10,000
Dr. Dennis Tudtud 10:30-11:30
(Speaker)
Total LUNCH 1:30-12:30 P56,500

ICE BREAKER 12:45-1:15

Malignant vs. Benign, Ways to Prevent cancer
Dr. Dennis Tutud 1:15-2:30
OPEN FORUM 2:30-3:30
CLOSING REMARKS
Feronald Bayag, RN 3:30-4:00
 COURSE
EVALUATION TOOL
ITEMS Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor
5 4 3 2 1

A. SPEAKER

Objectives are relevant to the needs and interest of

the participants.

1. The discussions are clear and precise

1. The objectives were attained

B.FACILITATORS/PARTICIPANTS

1. The activities are useful and interesting to

the participants

1. Time allotment for each activity is sufficient

1. The moderators, facilitators, and other

responsible persons have good rapport with
participants
 ITEMS Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor
5 4 3 2 1

1. The activities contributed to the attainment

of the objectives

1. Maximum involvement of the participants

was ensured

1. The various activities and parts of the

session were handled skillfully

A. VENUE & FACILITIES

1. The venue is appropriate

1. Necessary facilities are available

1. Lightning and ventilation are satisfactory