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SCIENTIFIC METHOD

VOCABULARY
MORALES CUCHO JUAN BRANDON
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Mathematical methods that employ probability theory for deducing


the properties of a population from the analysis of the properties of
a data simple drawn from it . Its concerned also with the precisin
and reliability of the inferences it helps to draw
NULL HYPOTHESIS

In inferential statistics, the term "null hypothesis" is a general statement


or default position that there is no relationship between two measured
phenomena, or no association among groups. rejecting or disproving
the null hypothesisand thus concluding that there are grounds for
believing that there is a relationship between two phenomena (e.g.
that a potential treatment has a measurable effect) ; the field of
statistics gives precise criteria for rejecting a null hypothesis.
POPULATION

In statistics, a population is a set of similar items or events which is of interest for


some question or experiment a statistical population can be a group of actually
existing objects (e.g. the set of all stars within the milky way galaxy) or a
hypothetical and potentially infinite group of objects conceived as a
generalization from experience (e.g. the set of all possible hands in a game
of poker). a common aim of statistical analysis is to produce information about
some chosen population.
THE POWER

The power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test correctly
rejects the null hypothesis (h0) when the alternative hypothesis (h1) is true. it can
be equivalently thought of as the probability of accepting the alternative
hypothesis (h1) when it is truethat is, the ability of a test to detect an effect, if
the effect actually exists
T TEST

A T-TESTS statistical significance indicates whether or not the


difference between two groups averages most likely reflects a real
difference in the population from which the groups were sampled.
CONTROL GROUP

Any group used as a control in a statistical experiment, esp a group


of patients who receive either a placebo or a standard drug during
an investigation of the effects of another drug on other patients is
called a control group.
PLACEBO-CONTROLLED

PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDIES are a way of testing a medical therapy in which, in


addition to a group of subjects that receives the treatment to be evaluated, a
separate control group receives a sham "placebo" treatment which is specifically
designed to have no real effect. placebos are most commonly used
in blinded trials, where subjects do not know whether they are receiving real or
placebo treatment. often, there is also a further "natural history" group that does
not receive any treatment at all. without a placebo group to compare against, it is
not possible to know whether the treatment itself had any effect.
DOUBLEBLIND

DOUBLEBLIND of, relating to, or being an experimental procedure in


which neither the subjects nor the experimenters know which subjects
are in the test and control groups during the actual course of the
experiments compare

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