m
  

r Size -2 members. r 3 members .

r Goals . r Their immediate goal was

destruction of the British
Empire and complete
independence.
r They had no inclination to work
out a political alternative.
r Group synergy. r More than 3.

r The whole group was very supportive

r Support and commitment. and committed wards each other. They
express commitment towards socialism
and formed Naujawan Bharat Sabha
(NBS).
r Group norms. r Norms pertaining to
performance related
processes.
r Social arrangements.
ô 



¬

r {ommand groups. r Academic department.
r Task groups. r Assigned tasks.
r Functional groups. r {ustomer service
department.
r Interest groups. r Specific interest.
r Friendship groups. r Similar social activity.
r Reference groups. r Social comparision.
M
 
r Standard agenda.

r Brainstorming.

r Nominal group technique.

r Final decision.
ô
 
r Initiator-contributor: Generates new ideas.
r Information-seeker: Asks for information about the task.
r Opinion-seeker: Asks for the input from the group about its values.
r Information-giver: Offers facts or generalization to the group.
r Opinion-giver: States his or her beliefs about a group issue.
r Elaborator: Explains ideas within the group, offers examples to clarify
ideas.
r {oordinator: Shows the relationships between ideas.



r Encourager: Praises the ideas of others.
r Harmonizer: Mediates differences between group members.
r {ompromiser: Moves group to another position that is favored by all
group members.
r Gatekeeper/expediter: Keeps communication channels open.
r Standard Setter: Suggests standards or criteria for the group to achieve.
r Group observer: Keeps records of group activities and uses this
information to offer feedback to the group.
r Follower: Goes along with the group and accepts the group's ideas.
©


 
r Aggressor: Attacks other group members, deflates the status of others, and
other aggressive behavior.
r Blocker: Resists movement by the group.
r Recognition seeker: {alls attention to himself or herself.
r Self-confessor: Seeks to disclose nongroup related feelings or opinions.
r Dominator: Asserts control over the group by manipulating the other group
members.
r Help seeker: Tries to gain the sympathy of the group.
r Special interest pleader: Uses stereotypes to assert his or her own prejudices
{

r A crowd is a group of people.

r The crowd may have a common purpose or set of

emotions.
ô  
{

r Submergence

r {ontagion

r suggestibility
c
 

r ô 

 

r ô  

 
 .

r ô  
 





J 




[

{


r Panic situation.

1. {ollective identity breaks down.

2. Selfish behaviours- pushing trampling etc.

3. These behaviours spread easily to crowd as a whole

{


r Unity.
DzOne of the things which struck me about this
experience is that one minute you are standing around
strangers and the next minute they become the closest
and most important people in your life. That feeling
was quite extraordinarydz
{

 
r {o-operative behavior.

DzI was very aware of people helping each other out and

I was being helped myselfdz
{
 
r Time r Took place around 5:30 evening

r Space r 500 to 600 actual space, 1200 to

1500 persons arrived.

r Information r NO-authoritative information is

received from a reliable source.

r Energy r Impossible to stop {ROWD

c

r A mob is a crowd of people with one intent or purpose.

r Usually it is used to describe people who are out of

control.
{
 
c

{


{rowds in emergencies behave in ways that are
consistent with their social identities and governed by
the social norms of the situation.