Management Science SNB

Departemen Teknik Industri
Management Science Approach
1
Management Science
Keterbatasan metoda Grafis

Due to Limited Resources
Using Mathematical and Statistical
Approach to Solve the Real Problem to
Obtained Solution
As a Tool for Decision Making
Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 2

Science Approach
MS In Decision Making Process

MSOR
Decision Solution
Action Kriteria
Real
System
Model
Problem IE Standard
Data /Information

Science Approach
Dont Confuse
Root
Symptom
Causes
Problem Alternatif
Solusi

Science Approach
Framework
Decision Criteria
Problem Constraint Parameter
Variable Performance

Science Approach
How To Get The Solution?

MS Problem
Yes
Common Sense? Use&Choose
No
Yes
Model Standard? Formulate
New Alternatives Build New Model Simulation
Solution

Science Approach
Management Science Approach
Analysis of
Real System
Implementation Problem
of Finding Formulation
Analysis of Model
Model Building
Science Approach
Management Science Era
Classical Operation
Simulation
Quantitative Research
Model
Approach Model

Science Approach
Classical Quantitative
Approach

Science Approach
Classical Quantitative Approach
Using Classical Mathematical and Statistical

Approach to Solve the Quantitative Problem to
Obtained Optimal Solution Analytically
Unconstraint problems

Science Approach
Taxonomi Problem
Pasti Probabilistik Tak Tentu

( Determitic ) ( Probabilistic) ( Uncertainty )
S=0 S0 S0
Pola Diketahui Pola Tak Diketahui
Catatan :
S
(X X) 2
n 1

Science Approach
Wilson Formula
The first mathematical approach used to

solve the inventory problem

Science Approach
Contoh Problem Inventory

Diketahui:
D = 10.000 unit/tahun
A = Rp.1000.000,-/pesan
p = Rp. 10.000,-/unit
h = 20% dari harga/unit/tahun
Bagaimana kebijakan inventori optimal ?

Science Approach
Formulasi Problem
Bagaimana Menentukan Kebijakan
Inventori Optimal ?
Berapa Ukuran Lot Pemesanan Ekonomis ?

( Economic Order Quantity: EOQ )
Kapan Saat Pemesanan Dilakukan
( Re-Order Point: ROP )

Science Approach
Komponen Model
Decision Criteria
Bagaimana Economic Order Minimasi Ongkos - Ongkos Pesan
Menentukan Quantity(EOQ ) Tahunan Ongkos Simpan
Kebijakan Re-Order Point
Inventori Optimal (ROP )
?

Science Approach
Performance Criteria
Ongkos Inventori Total ( Ot )
Ot = O b + O p + Os
Ot: Ongkos Inventori Total

Ob: Ongkos Beli
Op: Ongkos Pesan
Os: Ongkos Simpan

Science Approach
Asumsi Model Wilson

1. Demand Deterministik Dan Barang Datang
Secara Uniform
2. Ukuran Lot Pemesanan Tetap Untuk Setiap
Kali Pemesanan
3. Barang Yang Dipesan Akan Datang Secara
Serentak Pada Saat Pemesanan
4. Harga Barang Konstan Baik Terhadap Lot
Maupun Waktu

Science Approach
Posisi Inventori
C
q0 = 5.000 unit m = 1/ 2q0

F G
E
A B t

Science Approach
Posisi Inventori
SOP = SOH + SOO

dimana:
SOP : Posisi inventori (stock on position)
SOH : Inventori tersedia (stock on hand)
SOO : Inventori dalam pesanan (stock on order)

Science Approach
Formulasi Model
Min O = O + O + O
t b p s
Dimana:
Ob = Dp
Op = AD/Qo
Os = hQo/2

Science Approach
Formulasi Model
Min Ot = Ob + Op + Os
= Dp + AD/Qo + hQo/2

Science Approach
Solusi Model
Syarat Ot minimal:
Ot/Qo = 0
2
-AD/Q + h/2 =0
o
1/2
Qo = {2AD/h}

Science Approach
Solusi Optimal
1/2
Qo = {2AD/h}

= { 2. 1000000.10000/2000}
Qo = 3165 unit

Science Approach
Operation Research Approach

Science Approach
Operation Research Approach
Use Modeling Approach to Solve the

Problem to Obtained Optimal Solution
Constraint problems

Science Approach
How To Get The Solution?

MS Problem
Yes
Common Sense? Use&Choose
No
Yes
Model Standard? Formulate
New Alternatives Build New Model Simulation
Solution

Science Approach
Problem Solving Approach

Define Problem
Generate Alternatives
Choose Standard Model
Get The Best Solution
Make Decision
Implementation/Action

Science Approach
Operation Research Model
Linear Non Linear

-Linear Prog - Queing
-Transportation - Inventory
-Transhipment - Dynamics Prog
- Network - Stochastics Prog.
- Etc - Etc
Science Approach
Model
Representation of System for Special

Purposes
Representation Purpose
Model Iconic - Model Descriptive
Model Analog - Model Predictive
Model Symbolic - Model Normative

Science Approach
Advantages Using Model

Minimize destructive experiment
Minimize complexity of real world
Minimize negative impacts
Minimize Cost

Science Approach
Performance of Model
Valid
Simple
Robust
Adaptive
Complete
Controllable
Communicable
Science Approach
Solution
Solve the Problem
Reflect Variable Decision
Input For Making Decision
Feasible Best Optimal

( Simulasi ) ( Heuristic) ( Analytic)
Science Approach
A. Types
1. Single Criteria
2. Multi Criteria
B. Level of Management
1. Company level
2. Business level
3. Operational level

Science Approach
Components Model
Decision Variable
Constraints
Parameter
Logical Relationship

Science Approach
Komponen Model
Decision Criteria

Science Approach
Model Formulation
Determine the relationship among

performance criteria, variables,
parameters and constraints
Objective function : V = f ( Xi, Yi, Ai )

Constraints : f ( Xi, Yi, Ai ) < Bi

Science Approach
Linear Programming
Asumsi :
Proprotionality
Additivity
Integrality
Model Formulation :

Science Approach
General Model
Objective Function:
Min Z = c1X1 + c2X2 + c3X3 + c4X4 + .+ cnXn
Subject to:
1. a11X1 + a12X2 +a13 X3 + a14X4 + + a1nXn <= B1
2. a21X1 + a22X2 +a23 X3 + a24X4 + + a2nXn <= B2
3. a31X1 + a32X2 +a33 X3 + a34X4 + + a3nXn <= B3
. .
. .
m. am1X1 + am2X2 +am3 X3 + am4X4 + + amnXn <= Bm
X1, X2, X3, X4 Xn >= 0

Science Approach
Contoh Linear Programming
PT XYZ produces sport jackets and slacks. The profit on each

jacket is $ 10, and for pair of slacks is $ 15. Each jacket
requires 2 m2 of material and 4 manhours of sewing, which
each pair of slacks requires 5 m2 of material and 2
manhous of sewing. If there has 50 m2 of material and 36
manhours of work available each week, how many jackets
and pairs of slacks shoul be produced

Science Approach
Komponen Model
Decision Criteria
Bagaimana 1. Number of Profit/week 1. Material 1. Profit
mengatur jackets 2. Sewing 2. Material Usage
produced/week 3. Sewing
produksi yang requirement
optimal ? 2. Number of slack
produced/week

Science Approach
Component of Model
Profit/week z
Decision Variables
Number of jackets produced/week x1
Number of slack produced/week x2
Constraints
Material : 50 m2/week
Sewing : 36 manhours/week
Parameter
Jacket Slack
Profit 10 15 ($/unit)
Usage of material 2 5 (m2/unit)
Sewing requirement 4 2 (manhour/unit)
liner

Science Approach
Formulation of Model
Objective function : Z = 10 x1 + 15 x2
Constraints:
Material : 2 x1 + 5 x2 <= 50
Sewing : 4 x1 + 2 x2 <= 36
x1 , x 2 > = 0

Science Approach
Solution
Feasible Solution
Optimal Solution
Graphis Simplex

Science Approach
Graphical Method
X2
Sewing 4 x1 + 2 x2 <= 36
18
Z= 10 x1 + 15 x2
Optimal Material
10
2 x1 + 5 x2 <= 50
Feasible
Solution X1
9 25
Optimal Solution
Produce Jacket X1 : 5 unit/week
Produce Slack X2 : 8 unit/week
Profit Z : $ 170/week

Science Approach
Transportation Model
P Q
1 2 3 ....... 8

Science Approach
Data
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B C D E F G H Supply
P 12 24 21 20 21.5 19 17 20 100
Q 24 15 28 20 18.5 19.5 24 28 45
Dmd 22 14 18 17 15 13 15 20

Science Approach
Component of Model
Performance Criteria :
Min. Cost
Variable Decision :
Number of product to be supplied from plant i
(Si)
Number of product to be transported from plant
i to retailer j( Xij)
Constraints:
Supply
Demand

Science Approach
Model Formulation
Min Z = 12X11 + 24X12 + 21X13 + 20X14 + 21.5X15 + 19X16 +

17X17 + 20X18 + 24X21 + 15X22 + 28X23 + 20X24 +
18.5X25 + 19.5 X26 + 24 X27 + 28X28
Subject to:
1). X11 + X12 + X13 + X14 + X15 + X16 +X17 + X18 <=100
2). X21 + X22 + X23 + X24 + X25 + X26 +X27 + X28 <= 45

Science Approach
Model Formulation
3). X11 + X21 = 22
4). X12 + X22 = 14
5). X13 + X23 = 18
6). X14 + X24 = 17
7). X15 + X25 = 15
8). X16 + X26 = 13
9). X17 + X27 = 15
10). X18 + X28 = 20
All Variable Non Negative

Science Approach
Optimal Solution
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B C D E F G H Supply
P 22 - 18 17 - 13 15 4 89
Q - 14 - - 15 - - 16 45
Dmnd 22 14 18 17 15 13 15 20 134
Minimal Cost = $ 2583.50

Science Approach
Optimal Solution
P Q
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Science Approach
Shortest Route Method

Origin
A 90 B
84 E 84 I
66
138
C 132
90 132
348
F 60 126
156
H
132 48
126
D
48 J
G 150
Destination

Science Approach
Step Solved Its Closest Total Time nth Nearest Its Min. Its Last
Nodes Conc.un Sl Involved Node Time Contion
1 A B 90 B 90 AB*
A D 138
A C 348
2 A C 138 C 138 AC
A D 348
B C 90+66=156
B E 90+84=174
3 A D 348
B E 90+84=174 E 174 BE*
C D 138+156=294
C F 138+90=228
4 A D 348
C D 138+156=294
C F 138+ 90=228 F 228 CF
E F 174+132=306
E I 174+84 =258
Science Approach
5 A D 348
C D 138156=294
E I 174+84=258 I 258 EI*
F G 228132=360
F H 228+60=288
6 A D 348
C D 138+156=294
F G 228+132=360
F H 228+ 60=288 H 288 FH
I H 258+132=390
I J 258+126=384
7 A D 348
C D 138+156=294
F G 228+132=360
H G 288+ 48=336 G 336 HG
I J 258+126=384
Science Approach
8 A D 348 D 348 AD
C D 138+156=294
G D 336+ 48=384
G J 336+150=486
H J 288+126=414
I J 258+126=384
9 G J 336+150=486
H J 288+126=414
I J 258+126=384 J 384 IJ*
Shortest Route : A B E I J ( 384)

Science Approach
Integrated Approach

Science Approach
Integrated Approach
Memandang Sesuatu Secara Menyeluruh
Dan Komprehensif Tidak Bersifat
Parsial
Systemic Approach

Science Approach
Contoh
Shortest Route ?
Origin
A 90 B
84 E 84 I
66
138
C 132
90 132
348
F 60 126
156
H
132 48
126
D
48 J
G 150
Destination

Science Approach
Solusi
Parsial
Methoda : Logik ambil jarak terpendek pada
setiap node
Hasil : A-B-C-F-H-G-J (494)
Integrated
Methoda : Dinamik programmning
Hasil : A-B-E-I-J ( 384)

Science Approach
Systemic Aspect
Structural Aspect
Man, Machine, Material
Functional Aspect
Man-man, Man-Material, Man-Machine, Feed-back
Boundary
Environment
Stakeholder and Societal
Objective
Unitary, pluralist, coercive

Science Approach
Component of Real System
Man
+
Natural System and/or Artificial System

Science Approach
Schematic Representation
Environment
Boundary
Man Machine
Input Out-put
Mat
Feed-back : Interaction

Science Approach
MS In Decision Making Process
Decision Solution
Action
Real
System
Model
Problem IE Standard
Data /Information

Science Approach
Characteristic of Integrated
Approach
Problem : Real
Approach : Systemic
Model : Valid
Solution : Feasible
Decision : Effective
Action : Implemented

Science Approach
What IE Has To Do?

1. Problem Identification
2. Generate Alternatives
3. Know the Standard Models
4. Decide Performance Criteria
5. Choose the Best Solution
6. Make Decision
7. Anticipate Managerial Implication
8. Action
Science Approach
Model Building Process

Analyses of System
Modeler Problem Formulation Real System
Components Model
Model Formulation
Solution
No
Valid ?
Stop
Science Approach
Analysis of System
Formulate the Problem
Determine Performance Criteria
Identification of Components Model
Decision Variable
Constraints
Parameter

Science Approach
Problem Formulation
Do Not Confuse Among !!!
Symptom
Root Causes
Alternative of Solution

Science Approach
Problem
Any unsatisfactory situation
Symptom
Claims
Difference: Expectation vs Reality
Root Causes
Problem
Science Approach
Symptom
Indicator of the Problem
Problem Could Exist Although Without
Any Symptom
Form: Claims, Differences Expectation
and Reality

Science Approach
Symptom
Difference
Expectation Reality
Objective Achievement
Science Approach
Root Causes
Causes of the symptom
Use systemic approach to identify
Fish Bone Diagram

Science Approach
Fish Bone Diagram

Material Machine Man
Indicator
Environment Boundary Method

Science Approach
Efficiency
Effective + Min Cost
Objective Vs
Achievement/Actual

Science Approach
A. Types
1. Single Criteria
2. Multi Criteria
B. Level of Management
1. Company level
2. Business level
3. Operational level

Science Approach
Components Model
Performave Criteria
Decision Variable
Constraints
Parameter

Science Approach
Model Formulation
Determine the relationship among

performance criteria, variables,
parameters and constraints


Science Approach
Solution
Value of Decision Variable
Input For Decision Making
Feasible Best Optimal

( Simulation ) ( Heuristic) ( Analytic)

Science Approach
Validation
Logical Validation (Verification)
Is the Model Logic and Rational ?
Historical Validation
Is the Model Fit With the Past Performance ?
Result Validation
Is the Model Fit With the Future Performance ?

Science Approach
Decision
Problem
Decision Criteria
Solution + Judgment
Scientific Art
Science Approach
Action
How Decision Could Be Implemented ?
Anticipate Managerial Implication

And
Prepare Implementation Plan
Action

Science Approach

Management Science SNB

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Management Science SNB

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Management Science Approach

Keterbatasan metoda Grafis

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 2

MS In Decision Making Process

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 3

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 4

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 5

How To Get The Solution?

New Alternatives Build New Model Simulation

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 6

Management Science Approach

Management Science Era

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 8

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 9

Classical Quantitative Approach

Using Classical Mathematical and Statistical

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 10

Pasti Probabilistik Tak Tentu

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 11

The first mathematical approach used to

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 12

Contoh Problem Inventory

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 13

Berapa Ukuran Lot Pemesanan Ekonomis ?

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 14

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 15

Ot: Ongkos Inventori Total

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 16

Asumsi Model Wilson

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 17

q0 = 5.000 unit m = 1/ 2q0

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 18

SOP = SOH + SOO

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 19

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 20

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 21

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 22

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 23

Operation Research Approach

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 24

Operation Research Approach

Use Modeling Approach to Solve the

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 25

How To Get The Solution?

New Alternatives Build New Model Simulation

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 26

Problem Solving Approach

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 27

Operation Research Model

Linear Non Linear

Representation of System for Special

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 29

Advantages Using Model

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 30

Feasible Best Optimal

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 33

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 34

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 35

Determine the relationship among

Objective function : V = f ( Xi, Yi, Ai )

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 36

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 37

Falsafah Teknik Industri - Management 38