Turbine Oils

TURBINE

What is a turbine?

Types of turbines:
1. Steam turbine
2. Gas turbine
3. Hydraulic turbine
 TURBINE APPLICATION IN INDUSTRY

POWER PLANT - TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY

AIRCRAFTS - TO PRODUCE THRUST

PROCESS PLANTS - TO DRIVE COMPRESSORS

POWER PLANT STEAM TURBINE
 Operation

Steam contains tremendous amount of heat energy

This heat energy is converted to mechanical energy to drive a steam turbine

The turbine in turn rotates the generator, which changes mechanical energy to electrical energy
 As steam moves through the turbine its pressure & temperature decreases while volume
increases

Thus a turbine increases in diameter from inlet to outlet

This allows volume of steam to increase in volume as it passes through turbine without reducing
efficiency much
 Impulse & Reaction Turbines
Impulse Turbine:
This turbine uses impact force of steam to move blades- wind mill analog

The more the force the more faster the rotor will move

Nozzles - Pressure of steam is decreased to increase its velocity

Moving Blades this high velocity from nozzles is used to drive the MBs, pressure constant
across these blades

Reaction turbine-
analog to recoil from gun

Pressure decreases in both FB & MB

Change in momentum across blades causes steam to leave MB with a reactive force, which
drives the turbine
Most plants use turbines that have both impulse & reaction blade system

Impulse at HP end and Reaction at LP end

Length & Size of blade increase from front to back to use expanding steam efficiently
 STEAM TURBINE
Functions of the turbine oil:

Lubrication of :
1. Journal bearings
2. Thrust bearings
3. Turning gear

Transfer heat from

bearings

Corrosion inhibition

Reduce wear
 Journal Bearings:
Rotors of turbine are supported by 2 Journal
bearings

Horizontally split, they are lined with babbit

metal

Temperature of oil leaving the bearings is about

60-80 deg C

Large turbines also require Jacking oil in bearing to reduce damage during starting and stopping
operation

Generator bearing are similar to turbine bearings and normally are supplied oil from same system
Thrust Bearings :

To take axial thrust on shaft and hold the rotor in correct axial position with respect to the
stationary parts.
Reduction Gears:

Turbine speed is generally higher than operating speed of machine/generators

Reduction gears used with moderate-sized and large turbines are usually of the
precision-cut, double-helical type.

Reduction gears may have a circulation system that is entirely separate from the
turbine system, or circulation may be supplied from the turbine system.

In the former case, a separate pump (or pumps), is provided for the gears.

TURBOL EP grades are used when both turbine bearings and reduction gears are lubricated by
same oil
Turning Gears

When one is starting and stopping large turbines, it is necessary to turn the rotor slowly to avoid
uneven heating or cooling, which could cause distortion or bowing of the shaft.

Rotor speed, while the turning gear is operating, is usually below 100 rpm.

To provide adequate oil flow to the bearings during this low speed operation,
a separate auxiliary oil pump usually is provided.

The oil coolers are used at maximum capacity to increase oil viscosity and to help maintain oil
films in the bearings.
GAS TURBINE
 HYDRAULIC TURBINE
Applications of
turbine oil:

Turbine and
generator bearings
 TURBINE OILS : OPERATING
CONDITIONS
High temperature
Aeration and Foaming
Water Ingress
Metallic particles and rust
High Speeds
Combustion gases
Catalysts (Cu, FeO, Contaminants)
TURBINE SYSTEM : CHARACTERISTICS
Expensive Equipment
Heavy Loads and High Speeds
Huge output; hence costly down time.
High Operating Temperature (Gas and Steam Turbines)
Large Sump Size (5 to 80 KL)
Very small oil top-up rates.(~ 5% per year)

TURBINE OILS : EXPECTATIONS

Long Oil Life Considering Sump size, Top up rates and
Down time costs
 TURBINE OILS : PROPERTIES
Viscosity
Demulsibility
Oxidation Stability
Thermal Stability
Load carrying capacity
Antirust
Antifoam / Air release
Extreme Pressure (Geared Turbines)
MAK TURBOL MAK TURBOL EP
MAK TURBOL MAK TURBOL EP
ISO VG: 32, 46, 68, & 100 ISO VG: 32, 46, & 68
NON ISO VG: 37, 57 & 78 Non ISO VG: 57 & 78

APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS
Pressure circulation lube oil system These oils are recommended for Geared Turbine
in steam / gas / water turbines as which requires extreme pressure properties.
prime mover for electricity
generation. PERFORMANCE LEVEL
Lubrication of bearings of rotary / FZG NIEMANN TEST 10th FLS
turbo compressors IS 1012 : 2002
DIN 51 515 Part 1
PERFORMANCE LEVEL BS 489 : 1983
IS 1012 : 2002 GEK 32568A
DIN 51 515 Part 1 SIEMENS 0 1130-0468-01
BS 489 : 1983 Brown Boveri HTGD 90117E
GEK 32568A
THANK YOU