The Five Kingdoms

(there are 5 of them)

 All organisms belong to one of five Kingdoms.

Many members of the

same kingdom look very
different from each
other

but they all share certain significant features in

common which set them apart from the members of
any other Kingdom
 Five Kingdoms
Prokaryotes

Animals Protoctists

Fungi

Plants
Species are not divided equally into
the 5 kingdoms.

Over 50% of species are insects!

 Prokaryotes

These are almost all BACTERIA

Bacteria are very small (about 5 thousandths mm long)
Cells have no nucleus

Instead, they have a small circular piece of DNA

Most bacteria feed on dead organisms

 Rod shaped
A bacterium

Bacteria cause disease when they

enter our bodies.

However, some bacteria can have

good uses.

Lactobacillus bulgaricus Guess what this one does?

 Fungi

Moulds, yeasts, mushrooms

Cant do photosynthesis

So they break down and consume the material they are

living on

They do this using special digestive enzymes, which they

extrete onto their food

Fungi are made from many

threads called hyphae.

Lots a hyphae = Mycelium

A Mycelium
Mucor fungus
Notice the mycelium?

Mucor
Mucor rotting
rotting aa peach
person
 Plants

Mosses, ferns, flowering plants

 Made from lots of cells (multicellular)

Have cellulose in their cell walls

magnify

Can make sugars through photosynthesis

 Animals

Sea anemones, earthworms, insects, snails, fish, humans

Multicellular

Animal cells have no cell walls & no chloroplasts

Complex body structures with specialised cells,

tissues and organs

Have a nervous
system
 Protoctists
e.g. seaweeds

Plasmodium (the cause of malaria)

Foraminiferans Paramecium
Diatoms
Amoeba
Spirogyra alga Euglena

Trypanosoma
(the cause of sleeping sickness)
 Protoctists

Can be both unicellular and multicellular

Cells of some have cellulose walls (e.g. seaweeds)

whilst cells of other do not (e.g. Plasmodium)

This kingdom tends to be a dumping ground for

things that do not fit into other kingdoms
 Five Kingdoms
Prokaryotes

Animals Protoctists

Fungi

Anything missing? Plants

 Viruses
Very, very small. Much smaller than bacteria

Are parasitic. They live inside cells.

A white blood cell

(coloured white)

Each red dot is one virus

 Viruses
Can attack all types of cell

Human White Blood Cell

Tobacco Plant
 Viruses
Can attack all types of cell

Human White Blood Cell

Tobacco Plant