INTRACRANIAL

ANEURYSM
INTRODUCTION

Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by

bleeding into the brain tissue, the
ventricles, or the subarachnoid
space, and intracranial aneurysm is
one of them.

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 INTRACRANIAL
ANEURYSM
An intracranial aneurysm is a
dilation of the walls pf a
cerebral artery that develops
as a result of weakness in the
arterial wall.
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STATISTICS AND
INCIDENCES

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STATISTICS AND INCIDENCES
Intracranial aneurysm accounts for
half of the cases of hemorrhagic
strokes
The mortality rate has been
reported as high as48%at 30 days
after an intracranial hemorrhage.
Hemorrhagic strokes account
for15% to 20%of cerebrovascular
disorders and ate primarily caused
by intracranial hemorrhage. 5
STATISTICS AND INCIDENCES

Primary intracerebral hemorrhage

from a spontaneous rupture of
small vessels accounts for
approximately80%of hemorrhagic
strokes.

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CAUSES

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CAUSES
Atherosclerosis. Fatty plaques lining
the blood vessels in the brain could
lead to aneurysm.
Congenital defect of the vessel wall.
The defect has been there at the
moment of birth and could cause
serious intracranial aneurysm.
Hypertensive vascular disease.
Uncontrolled hypertension could
rupture the small vessels in the
brain and lead to intracranial 8
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CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Severe headache.The conscious

patient most commonly reports a
severe headache.
Increased ICP.An increased ICP
could cause vomiting.
Sudden change in the level of
consciousness. As the aneurysm
presses on nerves and tissues,
there is a sudden early change in 10
the level of consciousness.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Focal seizures. Focal seizures can

possibly occur due to frequent
brain stem involvement.
Nuchal rigidity. There may be
pain and rigidity of the back of the
neck and spine due to irritation.
Visual disturbances. Visual loss,
diplopia, and ptosis occur if the
aneurysm is adjacent the 11
oculomotor nerve..
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RISK FACTORS

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RISK FACTORS

MALE
HYPERTENSION
SMOKING
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
HIGH FAT DIET
GENETIC DISORDERS
WEAR-AND-TEAR 13
RISK FACTORS

It all results in the weakening of the

arterial wall overtime which leads
to tortuosity (twisting), dilation,
and aneurysm formation of
atherosclerotic arteries

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CLASSIFICATIONS
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ACCORDING TO ETIOLOGY:

ATHEROSCLEROTIC ANEURYSM
MYCOTIC ANEURYSM
ANASTOMOTIC GRAFT ANEURYSM
SYPHYLITIC ANEURYSM

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ACCORDING TO GROSS APPEARANCE:

TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES:

True Aneurysm
Pseudoaneurysm

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TRUE ANEURYSM:

FUSIFORM
Localized, rather uniform dilation of
an artery
ALL LAYERS bulged/dilates together
Symmetrical

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TRUE ANEURYSM:

SACCULAR (BERRY)
Outpouching of artery at a point
which is thinned (medial coat)
Assymetrical
One sided

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TRUE ANEURYSM:

DISSECTING
Occurs at hematoma in the arterial
wall forms localized enlargement of
involved artery, separating layers of
arterial wall
May be acute or chronic
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PSEUDOANEURYSM:

False
Not actually an aneurysm
Caused by a small hole in the vessel
which allows blood to leak out of the
vessel and form a pool of blood.

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COMPLICATIONS
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COMPLICATIONS
Bleeding. Hematoma expansion is
a fatal complication.
Cerebral vasospasm. Cerebral
vasospasm resulting in cerebral
ischemia is also one of the risk
factors.
Acute hydrocephalus. Acute
hydrocephalus results when free
blood obstructs the reabsorption of
cerebrospinal fluid by the arachnoid 27
COMPLICATIONS

Focal seizures. Seizures may

occur because of extreme nerve
irritation

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THANKS!

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