POPULATION AND

EMPLOYMENT
Group 3 :
+Arl Jonathan P. (1506305120)
+Putu Desy Pirdayanti (1506305125)
+Putu Nadiani Putri Utama (1506305130)
Analysis of Population
Problems Indonesia
+Population problem is not about the level of growth that
ultimately lead to the total population, but more than that
also involves the interests of development and prosperity.
Population growth in Indonesia is currently about 1.2% of the
total population, or about 2.5 - 3 million / year pose a very
serious problem. The problem that arises is the improvement
of the level of income, health, education and general well-
being such as increased self-confidence, self-esteem, and
the freedom to choose.
Indonesias Population
Structure
By Putu Desy Pirdayanti
1506305125
Distribution of the
JAVA have higher
population population
in Indonesia is
density than others
very uneven both in terms
of
Thegeographical
main causes are:area,
population
the state of growth rate
the soil and the
environment
(fertility and less favorable
mortality
levels)
policy as
in the New
well asOrder
the era
age
centered in Java island
structure.
 Distribution per
geographical region
The impact are: Island Total Population Percentage Population Density per
km2

Sumatera 48.641,1 20,22 100

The limited sources of
It can
basicbe concluded
needs that
would made
Java + Madura 132.725,3 55,17 1000

Rapid
thethe population
imbalance
sources ofof
basic needs Bali 3.510,2 1,46 40

explosion
population
is no longergive damaging
density has
proportional Nusa Tenggara 8.863,8 3,86 70

impact
to theon
resulted inpeople's
increase
unequalof lives, Kalimantan 13.371,7 5,56 25

especially
population.
development in the areas of
of both Sulawesi 16.703,9 6,94 88

There isand
socio-economic
physical insufficient social
non-physical
Maluku 2.263,6 0,94 2

and health
communities.
which and various
then resulted in a
Papua 2.699,5 1,12 5

othertolife
desire support
move higher.
Lain-lain 11,780,8 4,91

facilities. Indonesia 240.559,9 100,0

There is insufficient jobs Badan Pusat Statistik Data 2008

for the existing workforce
Trends in Birth and Death Rate


The fertility rate is period of children born
per couple or population. Fertility is Real,
Mortality Rate is a measure the number
ofNot Potential,
deaths so DIFFERENT
(in general, WITH of
or as a result
fecundity,
specific) which is defined
in a population, as the
large population
potential to reproduce.
+In quantitative terms,
the rate of population
increase is calculated on
a percentage basis of
relative increase of the Po = Beginning population
number of net L = Fertility
M = mortality
population per year I = number of imigration
E = number of emigration
% = rate of population increase
+The
+1970world population According
the population +Mortality
Widjojo rate also
data
growthshow
ratethe rateNitisastro
birthThis
is 2.1%.
(1976:in
decline 126),
this stage, It is
as in Booth and
is always
growth higher
rate than the
increase because
is McCawley, medical
1999: 343)
death
cause rate, especially
by nutrition
Year in knowledge
Growth Rate already
developing
improvement country,
after the
1940 the
improve
1%
and society
growth
war andofdecline
population
in is
1940-1950
started
1,5%
to aware with
higher than
mortality developed
rate their health
country
1950-1960 1%

1970 2,1%
 the number of fertility in Indonesia continues to
Projections also show that the average population
decline because of the family planning program. The
growth of Indonesia in 2000-2005 and 2000-2025
Since 1970 family planning program plays an important role in
periods will decreased and reach 1.34% to 0.92%.
fertility decline

the decline was also due to changes in marriage

patterns such as increased age at first marriage,
increasing the number of women who are not married
and declining divorce.
Age Structure and Dependency Load
By knowing the structure of
the population and age
groups, the construction
The dependency ratio is can
a
be directed
measure according
showing the to the
needs
numberof people as an agents
of dependents,
of development.
aged Government
zero to 14 and over
can
the estimate
age of 65,how many
to the ages
total
potentially
population,become
aged 15atoburden
64.
and capital in that
development.
Indonesia is better than other developing country
+Data shows that productive +In general, the faster the
age in Indonesia is 69,07%. growth rate of the young
And they are bearing with population, the greater the
20,93% of the society that is proportion of young
not productive productive population in the
total population and heavier
the dependents ratio
a. Old and Young Population
A country's population is considered a young population
What
when the will happen
population agedifunder
a country have
15 years a young
to reach 40% or
more of the total population
population. structure?
Indonesia's itself can not be specified as a
The country has a huge burden in social investment to fulfill of
young orforold
basic needs population
children structure
under 15 years old. Such pregnancy and
childbirth facilities , medical personnel, facilities for child
WHY?
development, including immunization, provision of early
childhood education, primary schools and teaching staff
b. Hidden Population Growth Momentum
When the birth rate
The birth rate may not Momentum
decreased hidden
dramatically, but be revealed in one night
because of the forces of population
the birth rate growth is
continues to social, economic and synonymous
increase unabated. institutional influences with the age
It is caused by two and thus require a long structure of the
things: time to fix population
Working Age Population
and Unemployment
Working Age Population and Labor Force

What is working What is Labor

age population? Force?
+Working age population are all citizens, men - women who
are ready to enter the work force that is all the people who
have passed compulsory education prescribed by the State
before reaching the age of retirement
+Labor Force are working-age population who
work, or have a job but temporarily absent from
work and unemployment
Total population of working age for the
years 2012-2016
 The concept of Working and Unemployed

The concept of Working and Unemployed

The Recognition Aspects

Aspects of Earnings, The production aspects workers give recognition
jobs provide income to the work provides output to someone that he is
worker (production) bound by something that
is worthy of life
Total labor force, employed and
open unemployed
 What is open unemployment?
Open Unemployment are those who are looking
for work, they are actively looking for work. To
show that they are actively looking for work they
enroll at the office of labor (employment office)
How to calculate unemployment as practiced in Western
countries deemed not describe the actual situation, and
therefore not used. There are two reasons for it

a. Many job seekers in Indonesia are reluctant to register

themselves with the reason that the office never put job
seekers.
b. Many job seekers registered with employment office did
not delete / cross out his name even though they have
been working.
Total labor force, employed and open unemployed
Employed Population
Open Unemployed
 Under Unemployment
2013 2014 2015
Penduduk yang Bekerja Februari Agustus Februari Agustus Februari
Pekerja tidak penuh 36.39 37.74 36.97 35.77 35.7
Setengah Mengagur 13.68 11 10.57 9.68 10.4
Pekerja paruh waktu 22.71 26.74 26.4 26.09 25.64
Distribution and Resettlement Issues
+Information about the geographical distribution of the
population and the concentration of population on the
island of Java to make the government seeks to
overcome this by doing infrastructure programs
outside the island of Java so that can reduce the
density of the island of Java. Mostly countries around
the world have the issue of migration is a common
issue and is often found that there are some things
that a push and pull factors of migration.
1. Factors driving (push factor) among others are:
+Reduction in life sources such as decrease environmental capacity,
declining demand for certain goods that the raw material is more
difficult to obtain as mining, wood, or materials from agriculture.
+Reducing of the jobs opportunity in place of origin (eg land for
agriculture in rural areas is narrowing).
+Pressures such as politics, religion, and ethnicity, thereby
disrupting the rights resident in the area of origin.
+Natural disasters such as flood, fire, earthquake, tsunami, drought
or outbreak of disease.
2. Factors puller (pull factor) among others are:
+Their hope of getting a chance to improve the
standard of living.
+Their opportunity to gain a better education.
+State of the environment and living conditions were
pleasant, such as climate, housing, schools and other
public facilities.
+Their activities in a big city, places of entertainment,
cultural center as an attraction for those other areas
to live in a big city.
Migration, Transmigration, and Urbanization
+International migration is the movement of people from
one country to another. International migration is the
migration type that contains the dimensions of space.
+Internal migration is the movement of people happens in
one country, for example, inter-provincial, inter-city / county,
migration from rural areas to urban areas or other
administrative units lower than the district / city level, such
as the district and village / village. Internal migration is the
migration type that contains the dimensions of space
Migrant by the dimension of time is people who move to another
place with the intention of settling within six months or more.
+Migrants circular (seasonal migration) are those who migrate but
does not intend to settle at the destination. Sikuler Migraines
usually are people who still have family or ties to the place of origin
as rickshaw drivers, construction workers, who daily make a living in
the city and returned to his village every month or several months.
+Migrants shuttle (commuter) are people who leave their homes on
a regular basis, (eg every day or every week), go somewhere else to
work, trade, school, or other activities, and return to place of origin
regularly anyway.
Criteria Of Migration
+Migrants lifetime (life time migrant) is a person whose place
of residence at the time of data collection is different from
the forging of residence at birth.
+Migrants risen (recent migrants) is the place of residence at
the time of data collection is different from the place of
residence during the previous five years.
+Migrants total (total migrants) are people who have lived in
a different place to stay when the data collection.
Transmigration
+Is the movement of people between districts / provinces to
various islands. Transmigration is already applied to the
Indonesian government for a long time in order to improve
the distribution of the population in Indonesia, resulting in
the implementation of government becomes the main
sponsor in this program, transmigration intended that the
people can develop the potential of natural resources
available in each island so can improve the welfare of the
Indonesian people as a whole.
+Some moments of success transmigration, approximately
2.2 million households, or about 8.8 million poor and
unemployed people get jobs and employment opportunities,
successfully developed 3,325 new villages that are spread
throughout the some area. In the area of transmigration has
managed to open farmland and plantations and fishing area
of 3.6 million hectares so the program is said to be quite
effective, although certainly in fact not all be successful and
efficient.
Urbanization
+Is the movement of people from rural to urban areas.
Urbanization has now become a serious problem for
many cities in the Indonesian government. Uneven
population distribution between village and town will
cause many social problems. The increase in the urban
population continues to increase without the support
and offset by the number of jobs, public facilities, law
enforcement officers, housing, and another is a
problem that must be addressed.
+The emergence of an intention to move from villages to
cities, someone usually gets a strong influence in the form of
solicitation, mass media information, personal dreams,
desperate economic needs, and so forth. One of the main
towing urbanization is an invitation. There is a phenomenon
that occurs every time a post-Idul Fitri, the occurrence of
massive urbanization. The travelers who returned to the city
usually will bring neighbors, friends or relatives.
+The phenomenon is happening in the labor market in
Indonesia indicates the fact that the labor for wages expect
it of interest. Our society seems to be more pleased to be
working rather than being an entrepreneur.
+The phenomenon of the transition from self-employment a
worker is increasing, that of working for themselves be
working for someone else for a wage or salary. The
hypothesis is believed to be due to the high wage level
compared to income earned when working for yourself.
Another hypothesis is that there is no or fewer jobs in the
countryside. So that the labor market is concentrated in
urban areas where industrial centers there.
Deurbanisasi
+Is a condition when big cities are already so dense
that many people then choose to live inner city,
and this was followed by a lot of people, for
example in Indonesia, many people choose to live
in Bogor and the surrounding area then worked in
Jakarta.
Thanks!
Any questions?