Gametogenesis

Gametogenesis
Gametogenesis is the
creation of gametes.

In males, it is
spermatogenesis,
creation of sperm.

In females, it is
oogenesis, creation of
ova.
 Spermatogenesis
Occurs in the testes.
Meiosis occurs and the result is four, non-identical cells,
each with 23 chromosomes that will develop into sperm.
 Oogenesis
Occurs in the ovaries and in the oviducts.
After Telophase I and II, the cytoplasm is not
equally divided.
One of the new cells gets the majority and it
survives, while the other one, a polar body, gets
broken down.
 Key Terms
Diploid: Having the full chromosome
number (46 in humans).

Haploid: Having half the full chromosome

number (23 in humans).
 Karyotype
A karyotype is a
pictorial
representation of a
persons
chromosomes.
An example is shown
to the right.
 Karyotype
The X and Y
chromosomes are known
as the sex chromosomes.
They determine a
persons gender.
XX is female, while XY is
male.
It is the dad who
determines the babys
gender as he can
produce sperm carrying
the X chromosome or
sperm carrying the Y
chromosome.
Non-Disjunction
 Non-disjunction
Non-disjunction is the failure of chromosomes
(or tetrads) to separate during anaphase I or II in
meiosis.
The resulting cells will not have the correct
number of chromosomes.
 Non-disjunction
If it happens in meiosis I, all the resulting cells will be
affected. If it happens in meiosis II, only half will be
affected.
Having extra chromosomes is bad!
Having too many or
too few chromosomes
is a bad thing.
Down Syndrome is
caused by having an
extra chromosome
21.
Having extra chromosomes is bad!
Klinefelters
Syndrome occurs
when an individual
receives two X
chromosomes and a
Y chromosome.
The result is an
infertile male with
varying degrees of
feminity.
 Missing chromosomes is bad!
Turner Syndrome occurs
when the individual only
gets one sex
chromosome, an X, from
their mother.
The result is an infertile
female with a broad
chest, poor breast
development, low set
ears, short stature and
poor hearing amongst
other things.