INTRODUCTION TO

OPERATIVE
DENTISTRY
Definition
It is the art and science of diagnosis, treatment, and

prognosis of defects of teeth that do not require full

coverage restoration

Operative Dentistry also known as Restorative Dentistry

or Conservative Dentistry.
Purposes of operative dentistry:
1. Proper diagnosis

2. Prevention of disease recurrence

3. Interception ( prevent further loss of tooth structure)

4. Preservation of the vitality of the tooth

5. Restoration of tooth form, function, phonetics, and

esthetics
Factors affecting operative treatment
There are two main factors affecting operative
treatments:-

I. Indications for treatment

II. Consideration before any operative treatment

1-Indications for operative treatment
Dental caries

Malformed, discolored, no esthetic, or fractured tooth

Restoration replacement or repair

2-Consideration before operative
treatment
1) An understanding of infection control measures

2) Examination of oral and systemic health , not only the

affected tooth

3) Proper diagnosis and treatment plan for the dental

problem

4) An understanding of the used materials

5) An understanding of the oral environment

6) The biological function of the various tooth

components and supporting tissues

7) Knowledge of correct dental anatomy

8) The effect of operative procedure

Dental caries
Def:
It is microbial infectious disease , characterized by
demineralization and destruction of the tooth
Clinical sites:
1. Pit and fissures
2. Smooth surface
3. Root surface
Classification of dental caries
According to location
1. Pit and fissure caries
2. Smooth surface caries
3. Root caries
According to the affected tissues
1. Enamel caries
2. Dentinal caries
3. Cementum caries
According to rate of progression

1. Acute: quickly developing

2. Chronic: taken an extended period

3. Arrested: remineralized before causing cavitations

4. Secondary or recurrent: on the margins of fillings

5. Incipient caries: initial caries

 G.V.Blacks classification of caries lesions
class Affected site

Class I Occlusal areas and buccal or lingual pits

Class II Posterior interproximal

Class III Anterior interproximal

Class IV Anterior interproximal including the incisal corner

Class V Cervical (gingival) areas at facial or lingual

Class VI Cusp tip

Etiology of dental caries
Dental caries is a multi-factorial disease occurs due to

interaction of

1. Tooth surfaces

2. Caries causing bacteria

3. Substrate (diet)

With time sequence

 Tooth surface

caries
Diet Bacteria
 MALFORMED , DISCOLORED, OR
FRACTURED TEETH

MALFORMED TEETH DISCOLORED TEETH

 RESTORATION REPLACEMENT OR
REPAIR
Teeth preparation
Objectives:-

1. Remove all defects and provide protection to the pulp

2. Conservative extension to the restoration

3. Protect tooth and restoration from fracture under force

of mastication

4. Esthetic and functional placement

Stages of tooth preparation:
Gaining access

Removal of caries

Development of final form

Choice of restorative material

Planning of retentive form

OPERATIVE PROCEDURES
Procedures commonly done are:

Direct Restorations

Indirect restoration

Veneers
 DIRECT RESTORATIONS:
Amalgam

Composite resin

GIC (Glass ionomer cement).

INDIRECT RESTORATIONS :

. Inlay

. Onlay
 Crowns
 THANK YOU