Sejarah Teknologi Mobile

Asad Djamalilleil
http://kampusku.my.id
asad.kom@gmail.com
 Sejarah Telepon Mobile
Paten terhadap telepon nirkabel, Kentucky
Amerika, 1908
Telepon bergerak (mobile), Perusahaan AT&T
mengembangkan cells untuk telp mobile
base-station, 1940an
Telp mobile pertama memanfaatkan teknologi
gelombang radio 2 arah untuk berkomunikasi
lewat sebuah base-station dgn jangkauan yang
sangat luas
 Motorola, 3 April 1973, memproduksi masal
perangkat telepon mobile yang dikenal dgn 0G
(zero generation)
Jepang menjadi negara pertama yg memiliki
jaringan selular telepon mobile komersial, 1979
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) diluncurkan di
Denmark, Norwegia, Swedia, dan Finlandia, 1981
Pertengahan 1980an, diperkenalkan 1G (first
generation) yang menggunakan jaringan selular
yang sepenuhnya otomatis
 Motorola DynaTac, 1983, mendapat persetujuan
dari Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
2G (second generation) diluncurkan di Finlandia,
1993. Mengenalkan pesan SMS pertama yang
dikirim dan layanan data mulai diperkenalkan
pada telp mobile
3G, diluncurkan tahun 2001 dan menawarkan
layanan yang luas untuk video-call dan layanan
transmisi data HSPA
4G tersedia secara komersial di UK akhir tahun
2012 dan menawarkan koneksi super cepat
 Sejarah Aplikasi Mobile
First smart phone was announced for the general
use by IBM in 1993 that was equipped with the
features like calculator, world clock, calendar and
contact book
BlackBerry Smartphone released in 2002 was the
next major achievement in the field of mobile
application development and it was marked by
BlackBerry Limited, formerly known as Research
In Motion Limited (RIM) and integrated with the
innovative concept of wireless email
 Psion EPOC
EPOC (operating system) developed by Psion
for portable devices, primarily PDAs. It was
the first recognizable apps and first released in
the early 90s, the sixteen bit machines (SIBO)
which ran EPOC permitted users programmes
such as a word processor, spreadsheet, diary
and database. However, later models running
at 32-bit OS, would come with up to 2MB
RAM and let users to add extra apps via
software packs.
 Palm OS
Also known as Garnet OS, developed by Palm,
Inc., in 1996 for personal digital assistants.
This had a touchscreen GUI (graphical user
interface) and came with a raft of basic apps
and tons of third party apps programmed in
C/C++. Also, from Palm OS 3.0 onwards these
included a Wireless Application Protocol
(WAP) browser.
 WML (Wireless Markup Language)
WML was developed by the WAP Forum for
use in Wireless Application Protocol enabled
devices and based on XML. It was light in
weight and best for the low bandwidths you
got with mobile phones back in the late 90s as
it stripped out much of the HTML (Hypertext
Markup Language) that needs processing
power.
 J2ME/JME
Java ME began life as JSR 68, replaced Personal
Java and rapidly became so favorite that it
evolved into several standards for use across
PDAs, phones and other embedded devices.
Devices implement profiles, such as the Mobile
Information Device Profile) which are subsets of
configurations like the Connected Limited Device
Configuration (CLDC). In addition, CLDC, designed
for devices with total memory of 160KB to 512KB,
and holds the bare minimum of Java-class
libraries needed for operating a virtual machine.
 Symbian
Symbian grew out of the Psion EPOC OS, AND
developed by Symbian Ltd a joint venture of
Psion, Ericsson, Nokia and Motorola. This the
operating system was almost omnipresent and
250 million devices were running Symbian in
2009. It was Nokia that drove the
development of Symbian OS, and the S60
platform was used on about all Nokia
handsets with some LG and Samsung as well.
 Android
Based on the Linux kernel, Android started life as a
proposed advanced operating system for digital cameras
until the company realised that the market was limited
compared to that for mobile phones.
The Open Handset Alliance unveiled the Android operating
system in 2007, nearly two years after Googles acquisition
of Android. (The launch of Googles foray into the mobile
world was delayed by the launch of the iPhone which
radically changed consumers expectations of what a
smartphone should do.)
Google faced down a copyright infringement suit from
Oracle over the Java-compatible nature of the Androids
APIs. Rather than straight up Java APIs Android uses Apache
Harmony and the Dalvik virtual machine which translates
Java bytecode into Dalvik executable.
 Pros
Android has a dominant share of the mobile market.
While developers have previously generated much
more revenue from iOS devices (perhaps because iOS
users have more disposable income?) that gap
narrowed significantly in 2013.
You can develop on any platform.
The environment is more open: call history is available
to all apps; notifications between apps are possible as
well as the sharing of content; apps can be installed
from any source.
Apps can be self-signed.
You can publish to Google Play for a one-off fee of $25.
 Cons
Fragmentation between different versions of the OS,
which are often significantly different, are a major
problem.
Upgrades are passed through manufacturers and
carriers who add their own customisations, delaying
the process.
App developers are forced to try to accommodate
users whose OS versions are years apart (as opposed to
iOS where most users upgrade to the new version
within weeks of the release).
The Android process is often more manual than the iOS
one.
Graphics are often slower.
 iOS
Apples iPhone set the standard for the new generation of
smartphones when it was first released in June 2007 with
its touchscreen and direct manipulation interface. There
was no native SDK until February of 2008 (Apple initially
planned to provide no support for third-party apps).
The iOS lineage started with NeXTSTEP, an object-oriented
multitasking OS from the late eighties developed by NeXT
Computer (acquired by Apple in 1996). The worlds first
web browser was developed on NeXTSTEP and proved
hugely influential in the formative years of HTML.
The main programming language for iOS is Objective C.
Development is done through Xcode IDE which has an in-
built iOS simulator.
 Pros
Less fragmentation arising from upgrades
80% of users are on the latest version.
New features are usually available very
quickly.
The OpenGL API is standard for graphics
across the platform.
Navigation is non-prescriptive you can
decide how users will navigate within your
app.
 Cons
iOS is a more closed platform there are limited
possibilities for inter-app communication and
private APIs are automatically rejected by the
App Store.
Development can only be done on a Mac.
Duplicating core iPhone features is prohibited.
You need to subscribe to the iOS developer
programme (annual fee) to publish apps and App
Store guidelines can be difficult to understand.
The process of signing apps is non-trivial.
You need an Apple certificate to install to your
own device.
 Windows Phone 8
The second generation of the Windows Phone operating
system uses the same Metro interface but has an updated
architecture based on the Windows NT kernel (like
Windows 8) rather than Windows CE (which was used as
the basis for Windows Phone 7).
You can develop for Windows Phone 8 only on a system
running Windows 8 using Visual Studio 2012 as an IDE.
Youre allowed to choose between XAML, Direct3D or a
mixture for building UIs; you can write C#, Visual Basic apps
on top of .Net; and you can use C++ for native code.
Publication is less flexible. Apps need to be put through a
review process before being allowed into the store similar
to iOS.
The low take up of Windows Phone makes this process
seem rather onerous.
 BlackBerry 10
Originally named BBX, BlackBerry 10 is based on the QNX
microkernel operating system whose parent company RIM acquired
in 2010.
BlackBerry 10 uses a system of gestures and touches which is
supposed to make physical buttons unnecessary for core functions
(e.g. a back or home button).
The OS also has an Android runtime layer so that Android apps can
be packaged and distributed on the BlackBerry platform. (The latest
versions even allow the direct download of apps via Google Play.)
Native application development utilises an API library in C and a
Native API in C/C++ though you can eschew C++ coding through the
WebWorks framework (HTML5 and JS), Adobe AIR or Java itself.
Again the publishing process is rather onerous: 10 business days are
required to approve your app.
 Tugas
Tuliskan semua versi Adroid beserta
kelebihannya di setiap versi.