Tata Nama Alkena

H2C C CH3 IUPAC: Propene

H common; Propylene

H2C C CH3
IUPAC: 2-MethylPropene
Common; Isobutylene
CH3

Cyclohexane Cyclohexene

-ane-ene
 Aturan IUPAC
1. Pilih rantai terpanjang yang
mengandung ikatan rangkap
2. Beri nomor rantainya

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6
H2C CHCH2CH3 CH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH3
4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1

1-Butene 2-Hexene
(not 3-butene) (not 4-hexene)
 3. Tentukan lokasi substituen
CH3 CH3 CH3

H3C C CHCH2CH3 CH3C=CHCH2CHCH3

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6

2-Methyl-2-pentene 2,5-Dimethyl-2-hexene
(not 4-Methyl-3-pentene) (not 2,5-Dimethyl-4-hexene)

CH3

H3C C CHCH2C CH3 CH3CH=CHCH2Cl

H 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 45 6
CH3
5,5-Dimethyl-2-hexene 1-Chloro-2-butene
(not 2,2-Dimethyl-4-hexene) (not 4-chloro-2-butene)
 4. Untuk sikloalkana, ikatan rangkap di beri
nomor -1 dan -2; dimana nonor -1 pada
posisi terdekat dengan substituen
dengan
1
1 2

2
5 3

3 4
1-Methylcyclopentene (1- 3,5-Dimethylcyclohexene (3,5-
(not 2-methylcyclopentene) (not 4,6-Dimethylcyclohexene)
 Dua gugus alkenil yang sering
gugus vinil & gugus alil
H2C C H2C C CH2 H3C HC C
H H H2

The vinyl group ( The ally group ( The Propylene group (

Br CH2Cl CH2Br

IUPAC: Bromoethene IUPAC: 3-Chloropropene IUPAC: 3-Bromopropene

Common; vinyl bromide Common; allyl chloride Common; allyl bromide
( ( (
 Geometri alkena:
cis- dan trans-
Cl Cl Cl H

H H H Cl

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene trans-1,2-Dichloroethene
Br Cl

How to do?
H F
 Sistem ( E )-( Z )
pada diastereomer alkena
 Sistem ( E )-( Z )
pada diastereomer alkena
Higher priority Br Cl Higher priority Br F

H F H Cl
Higher priority
(Z)-2-Bromo-1-chloro-1-floroethene (E)-2-Bromo-1-chloro-1-floroethene

Higher priority H3C CH3 Higher priority H3C H

CH3 H
H H H CH3
Higher priority
(Z)-2-Butene (E)-2-Butene
(cis)-2-Butene (trans)-2-Butene
Higher priority Cl Cl Cl Br

Cl H Br Cl
H Br H Cl

(E)-1-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethene (Z)-1-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethene
(cis)-2-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethene (trans)-2-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethene

(HHH)
Higher priority H3C CH3 H3C CH2CH3

CH3 H
H CH2CH3 H CH3
(CHH)
CH3CH2 CH3 (Z)-3-Methyl-2-pentene
(E)-3-Methyl-2-pentene
(cis)-3-Methyl-2-pentene (trans)-3-Methyl-2-pentene
Tata Nama Alkuna

Mirip dengan alkena

Akhiran ena diganti -una
Sifat Fisika Alkenes and Alkynes
 Stabilitas Alkena;
H3C H H3C CH3

CH3CH2CH=CH2
H H
CH3 H

H3C CH3 H C H
3
CH3CH2CH=CH2 + O2
H + O2 H
Potential energy

H CH3
+ O2

Ho = -649.8 kcal mol-1

Ho = -648.1 kcal mol-1

Ho = -647.1 kcal mol-1

CO2 + H2O CO2 + H2O CO2 + H2O

 Stabilitas Alkena;

The order of stabilities;

R R R R
R H

R R
R H R
H
R H R R

RCH=CH2 CH2=CH2
H H
R H
 sikloalkena
Cicncin sikloalkena mengandung 5 atau
kurang atom karbon sehingga kebanyakan
memiliki geometri cis form

H
H
H H

H
H
H H

Cyclopropene Cyclobutene Cyclopentene Cyclohexene

Cis- and trans-Cycloalkenes
H H

H H

cis-Cyclohexene trans-Cyclohexene

H H

cis-Cyclooctene trans-Cyclooctene
 Keasaman

Atom hidrogen pada alkuna

memiliki keasaman tertinggi
dibanding alkena dan alkana

H H

H H H H
H H
H H H H

pKa = 25 pKa = 44 pKa = 50

 Relative acidity;
HC C: - CH2=CH:- CH3CH2 :-

Relative Basicity;
CH3CH2 :- CH2=CH:- HC C: -
 Relative Acidity
H2O ROH HC CR NH3 CH2=CH2 CH3CH3
pKa; 15.7 16-17 25 38 44 50

Relative Basicity;
OH- RO- HC CR NH2- CH2=CH:- CH3CH2 :-
CONTOH ALKENA
 Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids in vegetable oils are omega-6 acids

(the first double bond occurs at carbon 6 counting
from the methyl group)
A common omega-6 acid is linoleic acid

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

6
linoleic acid, a fatty acid
 Trans Fats

In vegetable oils, the unsaturated fats usually

contain cis double bonds.
During hydrogenation, some cis double bonds
are converted to trans double bonds (more
stable) causing a change in the fatty acid
structure
If a label states partially or fully
hydrogenated, the fats contain trans fatty
acids.
 Trans Fats

In the US, it is estimated that 2-4% of our total

Calories is in the form of trans fatty acid.
trans fatty acids behave like saturated fatty
acids in the body.
Several studies reported that trans fatty acids
raise LDL-cholesterol. Some studies also
report that trans fatty acid lower HDL-
cholesterol
The trans fatty acids controversy will continue
to be debated.
 Fats and Atheroschlerosis
people of Alaska have a high fat diet and
high blood cholesterol levels, but a very low
occurrence of atherosclerosis and heart
attacks.
Fat in the diet was primarily from fish such
as salmon, tuna and herring rather than from
land animals (as in the American diet).
 Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Fatty acids in the fish oils are mostly the omega-3

type (first double bond occurs at the third carbon
counting from the methyl group).
linolenic acid 18 carbon atoms

CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 20 carbon atoms
CH3CH2(CH=CHCH2)5(CH2)2COOH
 Atherosclerosis

Plaques of cholesterol adhere to the walls of the

blood vessels
Blood pressure rises as blood squeezes through
smaller blood vessels
Blood clots may form
Omega-3 fatty acids decrease the sticking of
blood platelets (fewer blood clots)
Omega-3 fatty acids can increase bleeding time