Fall 2011
MSE 527- Mechanical Behavior of Materials
Time: Wed 18:30-19:50 PM, Room JD1504
Lecture units: 2.0, Lab design units: 1.0
A survey of relationships between mechanical behavior and materials structure. Elements of creep, fracture
and fatigue of metals, ceramics, and composites. Introduction to applied fracture mechanics and
environmentally assisted cracking laboratory methods for evaluating structural property relationships, fracture
toughness measurements and failure analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Course Description:
Prerequisites: MSE 227 and MSE 227L
The main techniques used in this course, center around the application of scientific principles to real-life
situations. Library research is necessary to develop most of the topic discussions. The course covers
dislocation theory and plastic deformation in order to explain strengthening mechanisms in different materials.
Materials applications in elevated temperature are studied to understand the design criteria for these
applications.
Fundamentals of fracture mechanics, microstructure aspects of fracture toughness, transition temperature,
environment-assisted cracking, and fatigue crack propagation is discussed to be able to design based on the
damage tolerant concept, and failure analysis using scanning electron microscopy.
This course requires extensive design problem solving, technical presentation, and a term paper on a current
topic in materials application or design.
Final Exam December 14, 2011 8:00PM 10:00 PM
Course Method and Expectations:
The main techniques to be used in this course, center on the application of scientific principles to real-life situations.
Library research is necessary to develop most of the topic discussions.
Grading Policy
Homework 10%
Mid-term Exam 30%
Term project 15%
Final Exam 45%
Grading System:
Letter Grades Grade Points
A Outstanding 4.0
B Excellent 3.0
C Acceptable 2.0
D Passing 1.0
F Failure 0.0
Plus/Minus Grading
1-4
Types of Materials
Metallic Materials
Composed of one or more metallic
elements.
Example:- Iron, Copper, Aluminum.
Metallic element may combine with
nonmetallic elements.
Example:- Silicon Carbide, Iron Oxide.
Inorganic and have crystalline structure.
Good thermal and electric conductors.
Metals and Alloys
Ferrous Nonferrous
Eg: Steel, Eg:Copper
Cast Iron Aluminum
1-5
Types of Materials
Polymeric (Plastic) Materials
Organic giant molecules and mostly
noncrystalline.
Some are mixtures of crystalline and
noncrystalline regions.
Poor conductors of electricity and hence
used as insulators.
Strength and ductility vary greatly.
Low densities and decomposition
temperatures.
1-12
Future Trends
Ceramic Materials
New family of engineering ceramics are
produced last decade
New materials and applications are constantly
found.
Now used in Auto and Biomedical
applications.
Processing of ceramics is expensive.
Easily damaged as they are highly brittle.
Better processing techniques and high-impact
ceramics are to be found.
1-13
Future Trends
Composite Materials
Fiber reinforced plastics are primary
products.
On an average 3% annual growth from
1981 to 1987.
Annual growth rate of 5% is predicted
for new composites such as
Fiberglass-Epoxy and Graphite-Epoxy
combinations.
Commercial aircrafts are expected to
use more and more composite
materials.
1-14
Future Trends
Electronic Materials
Use of electronic materials such as
silicon increased rapidly from 1970.
Electronic materials are expected to play
vital role in Factories of Future.
Use of computers and robots will
increase resulting in extensive growth in
use of electronic materials.
Aluminum for interconnections in
integrated circuits might be replaced by
copper resulting in better conductivity.
1-15
Future Trends
Smart Materials : Change their properties by
sensing external stimulus.
Shape memory alloys: Strained material reverts
back to its original shape above a critical
temperature.
Used in heart valves and to expand arteries.
Variable Directional
Covalent large-Diamond semiconductors, ceramics
small-Bismuth polymer chains)
Variable
Metallic large-Tungsten Nondirectional (metals)
small-Mercury
Directional
Secondary smallest inter-chain (polymer)
inter-molecular
14
FACE CENTERED CUBIC
STRUCTURE (FCC)
Close packed directions are face diagonals.
--Note: All atoms are identical; the face-centered atoms are shaded
differently only for ease of viewing.
Coordination # = 12
Coordination # = 8
A sites
B sites
A sites
Adapted from Fig. 3.3,
Callister 6e.
Coordination # = 12
APF = 0.74
10
Stress-Strain
Mechanical Testing and Properties
Note: in Metals, Yield stress is usually the stress required for dislocations to slip.
Tensile Test & the properties obtained from the Tensile Test
lateral
Er=1/2(yield strength)(strain at yielding) Poisson' s ratio :
longitudinal
Tensile Test & the properties obtained from the Tensile Test
Effect of Temperature
The Bend Test for Brittle Material
3FL
Flexural strength 2
, where F is fracture Load.
2 wh
The Bend Test for Brittle Material
where is deflection
True Stress-True Strain
F F
Engineerin g stress True stress t '
A0 A
l l0 l'
'
l
dl A0
Engineerin g strain True strain t ln( ) ln( ' )
l0 0 l l l0 A
The Hardness Test
F
Brinell Hardness : HB
( / 2) D( D D 2 Di2 )
The Hardness Test
6.7 The Impact Test impact strength
To evaluate the brittleness of a material subjected to a sudden blow.
6.7 The Impact Test impact strength
Note: BCC metals have transition temperature, but most FCC metals do not.
6.7 The Impact Test impact strength
S-N curve
The Creep Test: