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  • Exercise 2C Chemical Blocking of Nerve Conduction

    Diunggah oleh

    Shaira Soriano
    4 tayangan16 halaman
    1) The document describes several experiments investigating chemical blocking of nerve conduction and chemoreception. It shows that anaesthetic chemicals block sodium channels and inhibit nerve transmission, causing reduced muscle contraction. 2) Tests on olfactory sensation found smells were detected slightly faster in the upper nasal chamber, where smell receptors are situated. The time for different smells to disappear ranged from 4.5 to 5.1 seconds. 3) Experiments on taste found that sugar dissolved in solution was tasted faster than sugar in crystal form. All areas of the tongue can perceive all tastes.

    Deskripsi Asli:

    Zoo 120

    Judul Asli

    EXER-2CD-3B

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    1) The document describes several experiments investigating chemical blocking of nerve conduction and chemoreception. It shows that anaesthetic chemicals block sodium channels and inhibit nerve transmission, causing reduced muscle contraction. 2) Tests on olfactory sensation found smells were detected slightly faster in the upper nasal chamber, where smell receptors are situated. The time for different smells to disappear ranged from 4.5 to 5.1 seconds. 3) Experiments on taste found that sugar dissolved in solution was tasted faster than sugar in crystal form. All areas of the tongue can perceive all tastes.

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    4 tayangan16 halaman

    Exercise 2C Chemical Blocking of Nerve Conduction

    Diunggah oleh

    Shaira Soriano
    1) The document describes several experiments investigating chemical blocking of nerve conduction and chemoreception. It shows that anaesthetic chemicals block sodium channels and inhibit nerve transmission, causing reduced muscle contraction. 2) Tests on olfactory sensation found smells were detected slightly faster in the upper nasal chamber, where smell receptors are situated. The time for different smells to disappear ranged from 4.5 to 5.1 seconds. 3) Experiments on taste found that sugar dissolved in solution was tasted faster than sugar in crystal form. All areas of the tongue can perceive all tastes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    dari 16

    EXERCISE 2C

    Chemical blocking of nerve conduction


    Exercise 2C. Chemical blocking of nerve
    conduction
    Table 2.2 Contraction of gastrocnemius muscle in reaction to anaesthesia

    Anaesthesia Condition Time (min)


    Present Anaesthesia Reached 8
    Absent Recovery time 6
    Exercise 2C. Chemical blocking of nerve
    conduction

    Anaesthetic chemicals
    - ether or chloroform
    - block the presynaptic Na+ channels
    - inhibit glutamate from isolated nerve terminals.
    cause a reduction in nerve transmission at synapses
    Exercise 2D. Sensory and Motor Nerve Fibers

    Response of Gastrocnemius muscles to different stimulations

    Stimulated Part Current used Contracting Muscle


    Intact right nerve 1 Homolateral

    Proximal 1 None

    Distal 1 Homolateral
    EXERCISE 3B.
    CHEMORECEPTION
    CHEMORECEPTION: OLFACTORY SENSATIONS
    Time it took for the smell to be detected in the nasal chambers.

    CHAMBER TIME(SEC)

    lower 2.29

    upper 2.26
    CHEMORECEPTION: OLFACTORY SENSATIONS

    Time it took for the smell to be detected in the nasal chambers.

    Shorter length of time needed for odor recognition


    when the tubing was placed in the upper chamber
    smell receptors situated along the surface of the
    uppermost chamber of the nasal passage
    CHEMORECEPTION: OLFACTORY SENSATIONS
    CHEMORECEPTION: OLFACTORY SENSATIONS
    Time it took for the smell of the different substances to disappear.

    SUBSTANCE TIME(sec)

    herb 5.10

    perfume 4.49

    food 4.59

    Olfactory fatigue

    - body becomes desensitized to stimuli to prevent the overloading of


    the nervous system
    CHEMORECEPTION: GUSTATORY SENSATIONS
    Areas of tongue in which different tastes are
    detected

    AREA OF SWEET SALTY SOUR BITTER


    TONGUE

    Tip + + + -

    Sides - + - -

    Back + - - -

    Errors may be due to failure to isolate food


    material on specific tongue area.
    CHEMORECEPTION: GUSTATORY SENSATIONS
    Areas of tongue in which different tastes are detected

    Taste localization is a myth


    All tastes perceived equally well in all areas

    Only sides of tongue are more sensitive than the middle overall.

    Bitter - sensitive for the backmost part


    CHEMORECEPTION: GUSTATORY SENSATIONS
    Theoretical Results

    AREA OF SWEET SALTY SOUR BITTER


    TONGUE

    Tip + + + +

    Sides + + + +

    Back + + + +++
    CHEMORECEPTION: GUSTATORY SENSATIONS
    Time it takes for sugar to be tasted.

    FORM OF SUGAR TIME TASTED (sec)

    Crystals 43.9

    Solution 7.07
    CHEMORECEPTION: GUSTATORY SENSATIONS
    Time it takes for sugar to be tasted.

    Taste buds are hidden in pores in the


    papillae.
    Taste cells are the actual receptors
    for taste
    Substances enter the taste buds
    through small pores on the papillae
    For a substance to reach the receptors,
    must be dissolved in water
    CHEMORECEPTION: GUSTATORY SENSATIONS

    Sensations produced by four different foods.

    PLACED ON CHEWING (CLOSED CHEWING (OPEN


    FOOD TONGUE NOSTRILS) NOSTRILS)
    Banana + - +
    Carrot - - +
    Onion + + +
    Potato - - +
    References
    Agarwal, R.A., Srivastava, A.K., Kumar, K. (2013). Animal physiology and biochemistry. New
    Delhi, India: S. Chand & Company Ltd.

    Dewey, R. (2007). Gustation. Retrieved from


    http://www.intropsych.com/ch04_senses/gustation.html

    Sekar, G. (2014). How long does the smell/odor of a certain substance last?. Retrieved at
    https://www.quora.com/How-long-does-the-smell-odor-of-a-certain-substance-last

    How does our sense of taste work?. 2016. Retrieved from


    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072592/

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