Energy

Efficient Energy Production with

Cogeneration German Experience,
Situation & Prospects
17th Mai 2011, Dublin

Adi Golbach
Managing Director
B.KWK The German CHP Association

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 Overview

B.KWK The German CHP Association

Facts & Figures
Potentials & Problems
Policy & Perspectives
CHP examples in Germany

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The B.KWK - The German CHP Association

all kinds of operators

all kinds of technologies
all kinds of fuels
all branches

bundle forces
integrates
provides information
interferes

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 Overview

B.KWK The German CHP Association

Facts & Figures
Potentials & Problems
Policy & Perspectives
CHP examples in Germany

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 The Background

Climate Change

Ressource scarcity

Always look on the bright side of life.

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 The three bridges to sustainable energy supply

11 t CO2/a
x Person Resource
usage

Higher efficiency
CHP

Renewable energy
2 t CO2/a x
Person
Change in needs

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 Energy streams in Germany
Mt of hard coal equivalents

25% of
PEC

Source:
Arbeitsgemeinschaft
Energiebilanzen 2007

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Systemvergleich KWK vs. getrennte Erzeugung

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 The Difference

Power Plant CHP

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The German heating market a system
of enormous wasting exergy

heating energy Conventional heating technology is

Electricity other
4% 3%
squandering EXERGY
70 C heat produced from simply
district burning gas with 1100 C
heating
13% squanders more than 80% of exergy
Gas
48% Electricity is pure exergy
So its better to produce as much
heating oil electricity as possible from fuels
32%

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 CHP Fuels in Germany
in Plants > 1 MW elt, 2005
Total 78 GWh

Nat. Gas
Hard Coal
Lignite
Mineral Oil
Biomass & Waste

Source: Eurostat

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 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Dnemark
Lettland
Finnland
Niederlande
Slowakei
Ungarn
Polen
sterreich
Island

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Litauen
Tschechische Rep.
Belgien
Portugal
Deutschland
EU 25
Rumnien
Italien
Luxemburg
Bulgarien
Schweden
Slowenien

Dublin
CHP in the EU

Estland
Spanien
Vereinigtes Knigr.
Irland
Frankreich
Griechenland
CHP share in electricity production 2007

Zypern
Source: EUROSTAT 2/2008

Norwegen
Malta
Kroatien *
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 Overview

B.KWK The German CHP Association

Facts & Figures
Potentials & Problems
Policy & Perspectives
CHP examples in Germany

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 CHP Potential in Germany (As of March 31, 2006)

economically feasable up to 2020; fiction: no political barriers

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 Barriers against CHP
Lack of information about chances and
technical details (sleeping giant)
Communal or industrial CHP in opposition to
the strategic objectives of some big electricity
companies
Very ambitious pay-back criteria in industry
(< 3 years)
Unstable prospects regarding fuel security
and prices

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 Benefits of CHP

Saves energy resources

Climate protection
Saves money in the medium and long run
Reducing energy dependency
Substitution of energy import expenditures by
technical and economical knowledge
Creates new jobs
Higher electric grid stability, higher security of
supply
Smart and flexible to operate

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 Overview

B.KWK The German CHP Association

Facts & Figures
Potentials & Problems
Policy & Perspectives
CHP examples in Germany

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 2007 G8 Summit Declaration

The G8 Summit Declaration (June 2007)

highlights cogeneration in the section on
Energy Efficiency.
In section 70. Power Generation:
adopt instruments and measures to
significantly increase the share of
combined heat and power (CHP) in the
generation of electricity",

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 The German governments new energy and climate
package from August 2007
Reduction up to 2020
Measures in Mio. t/a CO2 equ
Doubling CHP share in electricity production to 25% 20
Reducing electricity consumption by 11 % 40
Substitution of old power plants by new ones 30
Higher share of RES in electricity production 55

Reducing energy consumtion of houses by 41

modernisation of buildings and heating systems

Higher share of RES in heating 14

Higher efficiency in the traffic and rising share of bio 30

fuels up to 17 %
Reduction of non-CO2 gases 40

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 New CHP act 2009

Target: doubling CHP share in electricity production to 25% in 2020

Focus on new installations being brought into operation by the end
of 2016
Bonus system again; paid finally by the electricity consumers (max.
0,3 Cent/kWh)
Bonus on electricity fed into the public grid or directly used
> 2 MW elt -> 1,5 ct/kWh over 6 years or max. 30.000h, industry 4 years only
50 kW to 2 MW -> 2,1 ct/kWh over 6 years or max. 30.000h
50 kW -> 5,11 ct/kWh over 10 years
Max. 600 Mil /a for CHP plants
Max. 150 Mil /a for district heating investments (20% subsidy if at
least 50% CHP heat)
Monitoring in 2011
Start 1.1.2009

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 Renewable Electricity Act 2009

Higher Bonus for CHP-electricity (3 ct/kWh)

Technology Bonus for innovative CHP technologies
Priority for grid-connection of CHP-plants
Use of liquid biofuels only if sustainability certificated
Practicable conditions for TPA of biomethane

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Feed-in-tarifs for electricity from biomass
Based on the Renewable Energy Act 2009

Biogas Biomethan Biomass

Cent/kWh
Basic tarif
< 150 kW 11,67 11,67 11,67
< 500 kW 9,18 9,18 9,18
< 5 MW 8,25 8,25 8,25

Bonus for electricity from energy

crops 7 7 6
< 500 kW 4 4 4 / 2,5
< 5 MW
Manure bonus
< 150 kW 4 0
< 500 kW 1 0
Technology bonus general 2 2 2
Technology bonus gas processing 0-2

CHP bonus 3 3 3

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Renewable Energy Heat Act 2009

Obligation to use pro-rata renewable energy

(e.g. solar panels, pellets)
alternatively use of CHP heat ( 50 % produced
in CHP)
Obligation for new buildings after 1.1.2009
Legitimization of local district heating obligation
by reason of climate protection

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 The governments energy plan

Sept. 2010:
extension of the operating time of
nuclear power plants by an average of 16
years

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 The governments energy plan

Nuclear Power Plants

After Fukushima: in Germany
Reviewing the prolongation
of the operating time of
nuclear power plants
Energy turn towards
faster growth of renewable
energy and higher efficiency

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 Energy Turnaround:
The government new 6-point program
1. Quickly enhance Renewable energy
Core of the energy turnaround is the rapid expansion of renewable energies. The wind energy
has the biggest potentials.
2. Quickly develop electricity grids and storages ...to transport electricity from wind power
plants in the north to the south. Expansion of flexible power stations and storage, serving to
stabilize the power supply.
3. Consistently increase Energy efficiency
By 2020 the heat demand of buildings shall be reduced by 20 percent. Encourage an
ambitious renovation.
4. Quickly build flexible power plants
In future, flexible power plants must offset the increasingly fluctuating power generation from
renewable energy sources. Gas power plants have a special role. The construction of highly
efficient and flexible power plants will be promoted in accordance with EU requirements. This
is limited to operators whose share of the German power generation capacity is up to five
percent.
5. Reorienting Energy Research
The funds for research into networking and storage should be increased to 500 million by
2020.
6. Participation of Citizens
People should be fully involved to enable a broad dialogue on the necessity of restructuring
the energy supply.

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 Perspective RE Development in Germany
Trends in electricity generation from renewable energies 1991-2030, based on the Lead Study prepared
by the DLR Institute for Technical Thermodynamics

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 The energy future will be decentralised

Today Tomorrow: distributed/ on-site

generation with fully integrated network
management (INTELLIGENT GRIDS)

cleaner, cheaper and

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Dublin reliable 28
The new role of CHP: flexible electricity
production complementary to wind and
solar energy

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Important but neglected: Information & PR
Industry District heating Object CHP
Big potentials &
Economics by A lot of advantages but chances for many
efficiency lack of awairness people

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WESHALB DIE FERNWRME EINE
DACHMARKE BRAUCHT!

6.11.2009 Demo-Kongress 2009 31

 Overview

B.KWK The German CHP Association

Facts & Figures
Policy & Perspectives
CHP examples in Germany

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 District heating CHP
Stadtwerke Duisburg AG

Plant I II / B III / A III / B, neu

Operation since 1986 1967 1975 2005
fuel Hard coal Hard coal Natural gas Natural gas
Operation up to 2025 2012 2025 > 2030
elektr. capacity 102 MW 144 MW 41 MW 239 MW
Therm. capacity 139 MW 163 MW 88 MW 167 MW
Elect. production 2006 630 GWh 811 GWh 10 1238 GWh
Heat production 2006 86 GWh 23 GWh 8 GWh 618 GWh

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 Industrial CHP, 40 MW el.
Chemical industry, Grenzach

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 Small scale CHP, 225 kW el.
public swimming pool Schwbisch Hall

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 Micro CHP, 5 kW el.
Dachs 12-appartment house

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 Summary and main results
Energy efficiency is a core element of a sustainable energy
strategy
Conventional heat production in boilers is a big waste of
exergy
CHP is a core element of an energy efficiency strategy
CHP is being discovered more and more by policy makers
CHP has a large potential - in Germany and anywhere
The Target of doubling CHP in Germany is a big chance for
industry and investors
We have to make our choice on the future electricity
production path in fact environment tells us that we dont
have a choice
By using CHP potential and by overcoming barriers against
CHP we may learn from each other

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Energy

Thank you for your attention!

Consulting on CHP in Germany

adigolbach@gmail.com

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