ACID AND BASES

EXAMPLE OF ACID AND THEIR BASICITY

BASE AND ALKALI
THE DIFFERENT BETWEEN BASE AND ALKALI
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
ACID
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKALI
ROLE OF WATER AND PROPERTIES OF ACID &
ALKALI
ACID IONISES IN WATER BUT DO NOT IONISES IN ORGANIC SOLVENT

ALKALI IONISES IN WATER BUT DO NOT IONISES IN ORGANIC SOLVENT

 ACID AND ALKALI EXHIBIT THEIR CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER

ACID

ALKALI
pH SCALE pH = -log [ H+]

pH = -log [ H+]
pH = -log [ 10 -1] pH = -log [ 10 -2]
= 1 = 2

THE HIGHER THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN

ION THE LOWER THE PH VALUE
 pOH = -log [ OH -]
pH = 14 pOH
pOH = -log [ 10 -1] pOH = -log [ 10 -2]
=1 =2
pH = 14 -1 = 13 pH = 14 -2 = 12

THE HIGHER THE CONCENTRATION OF OH-

THE HIGHER THE PH VALUE.
HOW TO MEASURE THE PH OF AQUEOUS
SOLUTION ?
 STRONG ACID
ACID THAT IONISES COMPLETELY IN WATER TO PRODUCE A HIGH
CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN ION
 WEAK ACID
ACID THAT IONISES PARTIALLY IN WATER TO PRODUCE A LOW
CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN ION
 STRONG ALKALI
ALKALI THAT IONISES COMPLETELY IN WATER TO PRODUCE A HIGH
CONCENTRATION OF HYDROXIDE ION
 WEAK ALKALI
ALKALI THAT IONISES PARTIALLY IN WATER TO PRODUCE A LOW
CONCENTRATION OF HYDROXIDE ION
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE PH VALUE

STRONG /WEAK

CONCENTRATION OF H+ OR OH-

MONO,DIPROTIC
 MORE CONCENTRATED

LOWER PH VALUE

DIPROTIC ACID

LOWER PH VALUE

STRONG ACID

LOWER PH VALUE
CONCENTRATION OF ACID AND ALKALI
CONCENTRATION IN moldm-3
is called MOLARITY(M)
 HOW TO PREPARE STANDARD SOLUTION ?
STANDARD SOLUTION IS A SOLUTION IN WHICH
ITS CONCENTRATION IS ACCURATELY KNOWN.
DILUTION
 NEUTRALISATION
(ACID + BASE SALT + WATER)

Monoprotic Acid

1. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

2. HNO3 + KOH KNO3 + H2O

MaVa = 1
MbVb 1

Diprotic Acid
1. H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2. H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H2O

Answer question pg MaVa = 1

133, 134, 135 MbVb 2