|




  


 O


r Waste is any substance which constitutes a scrap material or an

effluent or other unwanted surplus substance arising out of
application of any process.
r Waste is any substance which requires to be disposed off being
broken, worn-out, contaminated or otherwise spoiled.
Waste are two major types
-
0 Solid waste
0 Liquid waste
0 Radioactive waste
Golid waste can be classified into different types depending on
their source:
a) Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste,
b) Industrial waste as hazardous waste, and
c) Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste.
 G
 
  


rIn 1997 it was about 48 million G 6arry bags
tonnes. Bottles
6ontainers
rMore than 25% of the Trash bags
municipal solid waste is not
 Disposable syringes
collected at all;  Glucose bottles
r70% of the Indian cities lack Blood and uro bags
adequate capacity to transport it Intravenous tubes
and there are no sanitary 6atheters
Gurgical gloves
landfills to dispose of the waste.
 Packaging items
 Mineral water bottles
  
!  
"
Plastic plates, glasses, spoons
#$%  & 
 
 


'  (& ) 
* +, %   Mineral water bottles


 $ %   (  Plastic plates, glasses, spoons


-

& ) 
* Plastic bags
&
' 


  
&  ./

/


0 
 

' 

  ./

/

0 

 

&


˜rganic waste such as a week or two.
vegetable and fruit peels,
leftover foodstuff, etc.
Paper 10±30 days
6otton cloth 2±5 months
Wood 10±15 years
Woolen items 1 year
Tin, aluminium, and other 100±500 years
metal items such as cans
Plastic bags one million years(approx)
Glass bottles undetermined


O

  

 
 1'
The process of extracting resources or value from waste
is variously referred to as resource recovery

Four Rs (Refuse, Reuse, Recycle, Reduce) to

be followed for waste management

Unrecognized workers called wastepickers or

ragpickers, are part of the informal sector, but
play a significant role in reducing the load on the
Municipalities' Golid Waste Management
departments.
!
'&  /  

1 
 .
Leads to less utilization of raw materials.
åReduces environmental impacts arising from
waste treatment and disposal.
å Makes the surroundings cleaner and
healthier.
å Gaves on landfill space.
å Gaves money
å Reduces the amount of energy required to
manufacture new products.
åIn fact recycling can prevent the creation of
waste at the source.
'  


M

 
  
 
   

 

a)Collection of waste from doorsteps,
commercial places, etc
b)Collection of waste from community
dumps.
c) Collection/picking up of waste from
final disposal sites.
G /
/ 
&
 -'  


2  ˜ld copies, ˜ld books

Paper bags, Newspapers
˜ld greeting cards
6ardboard box

2
 6ontainers, Bottles
Bags , Gheets

    Bottles , Plates, 6up

 / Bowls

  
˜ld cans, Utensils 6lothes,

Furniture
 Recycling Techniques
 




 
 
  



 


*
/
/
*3


*
*.

*2 
*2

Waste management techniques

r
/ *
r   *
rG 
'    *
r
   
*
r 
&/ 

/
&  



/
  /

£

 






   



 


  



 





 
 




  

  

 

   


  



 

 

 





££











 

!! £

 


"




 #$

 %
&#


 

M

 




 





"
 
£

 






'

 ##"

"

 


 #$ 
 Swachhta Abhiyan
G &

'  5G
  1
1
 &6 
 G  !
  /

& G &&

2 4
 / 4  

 /  /
  /
&


&
   
5

5
ë. Daily door-to-door garbage collection
B. Waste segregation
6. Garbage lifting and Transportation
D. Employment Generation
E. ëwareness building
 G 

 



 


 



 

 



 

   
  
 



 
    

   

 ()('
* 
)

!
* )

  
"
 




  
 +
r 

 
 


r |


  


r )
'


  
r Ship breaking

*˜  , 


** 







*-
 &##
$##





.
*£##

  
/0  
*1  
 2 
* 
 
  

' '
*3
 
 
  
 
*M%


 
 

 
  

*3 
"
 
4
'

 
*M

 4
 

r The world͛s largest scrap importer

´6
âbecoming world¶s largest base for resource

recycling
´World¶s 2ed largest producer of plastic in 2003 produced
around 22.4 mill. Gynthetic resin.
´The world¶s largest dumping ground