METODE ILMIAH

Dr. Bambang Piluharto, SSi, MSi

Drs. Zulfikar, Ph.D
Drs. Sudarko, Ph.D
Deskripsi Mata Kuliah
Melalui mata kuliah ini peserta belajar akan mendapat pemahaman
tentang konsep metode ilmiah, membedakan antara disain penelitian
dan metode penelitian ilmiah, bagaimana menyusun penelitian,
bagaimana cara me-refer dan men-cite dari literatur ilmiah. Peserta
belajar akan mendapatkan pengalaman dalam mereview literature
dan referensi literature ilmiah yang relevan, dan merumuskan
rencana penelitian, memahami cara pelaporan hasil penelitian serta
mempresentasikannya
Pokok Bahasan
1. Pendahuluan: Pendekatan Ilmiah dalam pengembangan riset
2. Disain riset
3. Science writing:
- Identifikasi masalah
- Menulis hipotesa, model, teori (HMT)
- Menulis sitasi dan daftar pustaka
- Menyajikan dan interpretasi hasil riset
4. Academic misconduct: Plagiarisme
The Scientific Method

A process for trying to understand nature by

observing nature and the way it behaves, and by
conducting experiments to test our ideas.

Key characteristics of the scientific method include

Observation, formulation of Hypotheses,
Experimentation, and formulation of Laws and
Theories.

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 Why Arent the Philosophers
Considered Scientists
Philosophers: Scientists:
Observe nature. Observe nature.
Explain the behavior of Explain the behavior of
nature. nature.
Communicate and Communicate and
debate ideas with debate ideas with other
other philosophers. scientists.
Truth is revealed Truth is revealed
through logic and through
debate. experimentation.
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 Observation
A way of acquiring information about
nature.
Also known as Data.
Some observations are simple descriptions
about the characteristics or behavior of
nature.
The soda pop is a liquid with a brown color
and a sweet taste. Bubbles are seen floating
up through it.
Some observations compare a
characteristic to a standard numerical
scale.
A 240-mL serving of soda pop contains 27 g of
sugar.

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Hypothesis
A tentative interpretation or explanation of your
observations.
The sweet taste of soda pop is due to the presence of
sugar.
A good hypothesis is one that can be tested to be
proven wrong.
Falsifiable.
One test may invalidate your hypothesis.

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 Laws
Summary of observations that combines all past
observations into one general statement.
Law of Conservation of Mass In a chemical reaction
matter is neither created nor destroyed.
Allows you to predict future observations.
So you can test the law with experiments.
Unlike state laws, you cannot choose to violate a
scientific law.

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Whats the Difference Between an Observation
and a Law?

An observation tells you what happened in a

single event.
A law summarizes all the observations, effectively
telling you what you will observe in future events.

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Theories
General explanation for the characteristics and
behavior of nature.
Models of nature.
Daltons Atomic Theory
Can be used to predict future observations.
So they can be tested by experiments.

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Whats the Difference Between a Hypothesis and a
Theory?
A hypothesis is an explanation of a single or small number of
observations.
A theory is an explanation that extends beyond individual
observations to an understanding of the underlying causes for the
way nature is or behaves.

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Whats the Difference Between a
Law and a Theory?

Laws answer the question What will happen.

Theories answer the question Why does
something happen.
This allows you to predict what will happen!

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Scientific
A test of a Method
hypothesis A tentative explanation of a
or theory. single or small number of
natural phenomena.

A general explanation
of natural phenomena.
The careful noting
and recording of A generally
natural phenomena. observed natural
phenomenon.
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The scientific approach models