Intermediate System
1
SECTION 1: OVERVIEW
2
Intermediate SystemtoIntermediate System
Features Terminology
Convergence Fast Interface address Fast Network Service Access Point (NSAP)
3
IS-IS Databases
3 databases:
1. Adjacencies List of Neighbors
2. Link State Database Topology
3. Routing Information Base IS-IS routes calculated with SPF algorithm
BGP RT FIB
RIB
static
RIB
4
IS-IS Areas
Level 1 routers exchange topology information (LSPs) for the local area.
Level 2 routers exchange topology information (LSPs) between the different areas.
Level 1/Level 2 routers keep two separate link-state databases, allowing them to act as if they were
two IS-IS routers.
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IS-IS Short Path First
IS-IS uses SPF for path determination.
Each router calculate the shortest path from itself to each destination prefix
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IS-IS Networks Types
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IS-IS Adjacencies
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IS-IS Adjacencies types
On broadcast networks : Hello can be either an L1 LAN Hello or an L2 LAN Hello
On point-to-point links :A single Point-to-Point Hello is used for both L1 and L2 adjacencies.
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IS-IS DIS election
Pseudo Node
Designated IS Election
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IS-IS Protocol Characteristics
Characteristic Value
Maximum metric value for a link 16,777,215
Maximum total metric value for a path 4,261,412,864
All L1 IS multicast address 0180:C200:001
4
All L2 IS multicast address 0180:C200:001
5
Protocol discriminator for IS-IS 131
NSAP selector (SEL) for IS-IS 00
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) 1492
Maximum age 1200
Zero life age 60
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Maximum area addresses in a single area 3
IS-IS NSAP Addressing
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SECTION 2: PACKETS TYPES
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IS-IS Packet Types
IS-IS uses Ethernet 802.3/802.2, instead of the Ethernet II, which is used for IP traffic.
The type length value (TLV) identifies the type of information in the IS-IS packet.
15
IS-IS Standard Packet Header
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IS-IS Hello Packet
Common Fixed header Hello Header TLVs
TLV fields
Area Addresses
Intermediate System Neighbors
Padding
IP Interface Address
Authentication Information
Protocols Supported
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IS-IS Adjacencies on Broadcast Networks
2. Initializing State R-B records R-A MAC address; R-B Sends Hello
3. R-A sees its MAC address, R-A knows that bidirectional communication has been
verified, changes state of adjacency to Up State.
18
IS-IS Adjacencies on Point-to-Point Networks
RFC 3373 extension allows IS-IS to use a Point-to-Point Three-Way Adjacency TLV.
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IS-IS Hello Packet Example
ISIS HELLO
Circuit type : Level 1 and 2,
System-ID {Sender of PDU} : 0020.0200.2002
Holding timer : 27
PDU length : 51
Local circuit ID : 0
TLV fields
Area Addresses Originating LSP Buffer Size
Intermediate System Neighbors Prefix Neighbor
End System Neighbor TLV End System Neighbor TLVI
IP Interface Address IP Internal Reachability Information
Authentication Information IP External Reachability Information
Protocols Supported
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IS-IS LSP Example
LSP-ID: 0030.0300.3003.00-00
IS Reachability (12)
IS Neighbor: 0040.0400.4004.00 Default Metric: 10, Internal
IS Reachability (12)
IS Neighbor: 0020.0200.2002.00 Default Metric: 10, Internal
TLV fields
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IS-IS Database Synchronization (1)
CSNP contains the list of router LSPs and their sequence numbers
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IS-IS Partial Sequence Number PDU (PSNP)
Common Fixed header PSNP Header TLVs
TLV fields
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IS-IS Database Synchronization (2)
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IS-IS Database Updates
An IS-IS router generates and floods a new LSP, when there is a modification in the
topology.
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IS-IS Multi-Areas
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IS-IS Route Leaking
Inter-area Routing: Each L1-only router has a default route to the nearest L1/L2
router. The possible consequences are:
Suboptimal Routing: Because the shortest route to the ultimate destination may
not be through the nearest L1/L2 router, this hierarchy results in suboptimal
routing.
To avoid the less than optimal and asymmetric routing, routers can be configured
to leak routes into Level 1
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IS-IS Route Summarization
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SECTION 4:
CONFIGURATION
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IS-IS Sample IS-IS Configuration
ALA-1>config>router#
ALA-1>config>router# isis
isis
ALA-1>config>router>isis#
ALA-1>config>router>isis# area-id
area-id 49.0051
49.0051
ALA-1>config>router>isis#
ALA-1>config>router>isis# level-capability
level-capability level-1
level-1
ALA-1>config>router>isis# interface system
ALA-1>config>router>isis# interface system
ALA-1>config>router>isis>if#
ALA-1>config>router>isis>if# exit
exit
ALA-1>config>router>isis#
ALA-1>config>router>isis# interface igp-4
interface igp-4
ALA-1>config>router>isis>if#
ALA-1>config>router>isis>if# exit
exit
ALA-1>config>router>isis#
ALA-1>config>router>isis# interface igp-1
interface igp-1
ALA-1>config>router>isis>if#
ALA-1>config>router>isis>if# exit
exit
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IS-IS Show Status
ALA-A#
ALA-A# show
show router
router isis
isis status
status
===============================================================================
===============================================================================
IS-IS
IS-IS Status
Status
===============================================================================
===============================================================================
System
System Id
Id :: 0100.1001.0103
0100.1001.0103
Admin
Admin State : Up
State : Up
Last
Last Enabled
Enabled :: 04/12/2010
04/12/2010 23:59:40
23:59:40
Level Capability : L1L2
Level Capability : L1L2
Authentication
Authentication Check
Check :: False
False
Authentication
Authentication Type
Type :: Password
Password
Traffic
Traffic Engineering
Engineering :: Disabled
Disabled
Graceful Restart : Disabled
Graceful Restart : Disabled
LSP
LSP Lifetime
Lifetime :: 1200
1200
LSP
LSP Wait
Wait :: 55 sec
sec (Max)
(Max) 00 sec
sec (Initial)
(Initial) 11 sec
sec (Second)
(Second)
<output
<output removed>
removed>
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IS-IS Show IS-IS Routes
ALA-A#
ALA-A# show
show router
router isis
isis routes
routes
===============================================================================
===============================================================================
Route
Route Table
Table
===============================================================================
===============================================================================
Prefix Metric Lvl/Typ
Lvl/Typ Version
Version Nexthop SysID/Hostname
Prefix Metric Nexthop SysID/Hostname
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.1.0.0/24 40 2/Int. 14 180.0.5.2 core_west
7.1.0.0/24 40 2/Int. 14 180.0.5.2 core_west
7.2.0.0/24 60 2/Int. 14 180.0.6.5 core_east
7.2.0.0/24 60 2/Int. 14 180.0.6.5 core_east
180.100.25.4/30 50 2/Int. 14 180.0.6.5 core_east
180.100.25.4/30 50 2/Int. 14 180.0.6.5 core_east
180.100.25.12/30 70 2/Int. 14 180.0.7.9 asbr_west
180.100.25.12/30 70 2/Int. 14 180.0.7.9 asbr_west
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routes
Routes :: 44
===============================================================================
===============================================================================
ALA-A#
ALA-A#
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IS-IS Show Adjacencies
ALA-A#
ALA-A# show
show router
router isis
isis adjacency
adjacency
=============================================================================
=============================================================================
IS-IS
IS-IS Adjacency
Adjacency
=============================================================================
=============================================================================
System
System ID Usage State Hold Interface
ID Usage State Hold Interface
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
asbr_east L2 Up 23 if2/5
asbr_east L2 Up 23 if2/5
dist_oak L1 Up 27 if2/2
dist_oak L1 Up 27 if2/2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjacencies
Adjacencies :: 22
=============================================================================
=============================================================================
ALA-A#
ALA-A#
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IS-IS Show Database
ALA-A#
ALA-A# show
show router
router isis
isis database
database
=============================================================================
=============================================================================
IS-IS
IS-IS Database
Database
=============================================================================
=============================================================================
LSP
LSP ID Sequence
ID Sequence Checksum
Checksum Lifetime
Lifetime Attributes
Attributes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Displaying
Displaying Level
Level 11 database
database
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
abr_dfw.00-00 0x50 0x164f 603 L1L2
abr_dfw.00-00 0x50 0x164f 603 L1L2
Level
Level (1)
(1) LSP
LSP Count
Count :: 11
Displaying
Displaying Level
Level 22 database
database
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
asbr_east.00-00 0x53 0xe3f5 753
asbr_east.00-00 0x53 0xe3f5 753 L2
L2
abr_dfw.00-00 0x57 0x94ff 978 L1L2
abr_dfw.00-00 0x57 0x94ff 978 L1L2
Level
Level (2)
(2) LSP
LSP Count
Count :: 22
=============================================================================
=============================================================================
ALA-A#
ALA-A#
38
IS-IS Show Hostname
ALA-A#
ALA-A# show
show router
router isis
isis hostname
hostname
=========================================================================
=========================================================================
Hosts
Hosts
=========================================================================
=========================================================================
System
System Id Hostname
Id Hostname
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1800.0000.0002 core_west
1800.0000.0002 core_west
1800.0000.0005 core_east
1800.0000.0005 core_east
1800.0000.0008 asbr_west
1800.0000.0008 asbr_west
=========================================================================
=========================================================================
ALA-A#
ALA-A#
39
IS-IS Show Interface
ALA-A#
ALA-A# show
show router
router isis
isis interface
interface
=============================================================================
=============================================================================
IS-IS
IS-IS Interfaces
Interfaces
=============================================================================
=============================================================================
Interface Level CircID Oper
Oper State L1/L2
Interface Level CircID State L1/L2 Metric
Metric
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
system L1L2 11 Up 10/10
system L1L2 Up 10/10
if2/1 L2 88 Up -/10
if2/1 L2 Up -/10
if2/2 L1 55 Up 10/-
if2/2 L1 Up 10/-
if2/3 L1 66 Up 10/-
if2/3 L1 Up 10/-
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interfaces
Interfaces :: 44
=============================================================================
=============================================================================
ALA-A#
ALA-A#
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END OF MODULE
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