Form 4 Physics
Group 14
Members:
Name Student number Job
Sun Lun Chi S98006900 Leader
Original script
Cheng Shu Wing S98007150 Second stage
production
Lee Yan Ming S98007800 Illustrations
Tang Yuk Man S98006810 Additional
Scripts
Yau Yat Fai S98007070 Animations
& SFX
November 1998
Lecture presentation
for Form 4
Contents
Reflection and refraction (revision)
Critical angle
Total internal reflection
Fish eye view
Reflection and refraction
Mirror reflects light
mirror
Transparent medium refracts light
glass
Which angle is larger?
A light ray is emerging from glass to air. Which
angle is larger, in glass or in the air ?
normal
glass
Or this?
AIR
This?
Which angle is larger?
A light ray is emerging from glass to air. Which
angle is larger, in glass or in the air ?
normal
glass
Or this?
AIR
This?
Next
Critical angle (1)
For glass-air interface, the angle of refraction in
air > incident angle
Incident angle
AIR
Angle of refraction
Which angle first?
If the angle of incidence increases, which angle
will reach 90o first, the angle of incidence or the
angle of refraction?
Next
Critical angle (2)
When we increase the angle of incidence (i), the
angle of refraction (r) increases until ......
glass normal
AIR
r
Critical angle (3)
when the angle of refraction is 90o, the incident
angle is called the critical angle (C).
glass normal
iC
AIR
90or
Critical angle (4)
For glass-air interface, the critical angle is 42o.
At critical angle, angle of refraction is 90o, so,
by the laws of refraction,
sin r sin190o
n= =
sin i sin C
n x sin C = 1
1
sin C =
n
What is the critical angle...
for water-air interface?
The refractive index of water is 1.33
1 I can do it,
sin C = so can you!
n
Critical angle (5)
For glass, the refractive index is 1.5;
C = sin-1 (11.5)
Critical angle = 42o
For water, the refractive index is 1.33;
C = sin-1 (11.33)
Critical angle = 48.8o
11
Csin C=
= sin -1 ( )
nn
What if ...
the angle of incidence (from glass) is larger
than the critical angle?
AIR
water
Total internal reflection (2)
When the incident angle is larger than the
critical angle, total internal reflection will occur
(at the interface).
AIR
water
Next
Total internal reflection (3)
View under water!!
AIR
water
Total internal reflection (4)
Fish-eye view
sky
waves You You
see see
Youthe
seesky here
water waves
total internal
through refraction
here here
reflection
waves
total internal
reflection here
total internal
reflection here
Can you explain the ...
Yes
fish-eye view by drawing light rays?
water
Fish eye view (1)
Central hole, shows the
squeezed view of the sky
totally internally
reflected ray
water
Fish eye view (2)
When a diver or fish looks upward under water,
part of the water surface looks like a mirror,
except the central hole.
So, the light entering the water from above the
surface is squeezed into a cone of angle 2C
2C
What is C ?
critical angle
water C is
Revisit the fish eye view
Do you remember which part has refraction and
which part has total internal reflection?
sky(refraction here)
total internal
reflection here
What did you learn?
1
Critical angle C= sin-1 ( )
n