ELECTRICITY
THE STUDY OF
CHARGES AT REST
ACTIVITY
MODEL OF AN ATOM
CHARGE A BALLOON
STATIC ELECTRICITY
When you rub a balloon on your hair you
scrape electrons off the atoms of your hair
onto the balloon.
The atoms of the balloon apparently have
more grab on electrons.
Laws of Attraction
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ACTIVITY
STYROFOAM
ELECTROSCOPE
A COULOMB
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT
OF CHARGE
IT IS EQUAL TO THE
CHARGE OF 6.25 BILLION
BILLION ELECTRONS
COULOMBS LAW
ELECTRICAL FORCE
DEPENDS ON THE SIZE
OF THE CHARGES AND
THE DISTANCE
BETWEEN THE CHARGES
Coulombs Law
The force between charges varies
inversely with the square of their
separation distances.
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+ +
COULOMBS LAW
F = k X Q1 X Q2 / D2
ACTIVITY
POLARIZING A STICK
Polarization
Polarized objects have an uneven
distribution of charge.
A polarized object has no net charge.
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Meter Stick
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Weak Force
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Strong Force
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CURRENT
ELECTRICITY
THE STUDY OF
CHARGES IN
MOTION
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
A COMPLETE PATH
FOR ELECTRON
FLOW
ACTIVITY
ELECTICAL ALTERNATIVES
MAKE A WIRE
CIRCUIT WIRE
CONDUCTOR
INSULATOR
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
CONSISTS OF
SOURCES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY
ADDING BATTERIES
MAKE A SWITCH
What is a conductor?
a material that allows free electron
movement
Examples:
Aluminum
Gold
Copper
All Metals
ACTIVITY
GOOD CONDUCTORS
POOR CONDUCTORS
What is an insulator?
a material that does not allow electrons
to flow freely
Examples:
Plastics
Ceramics
Amber
ACTIVITY
CONDUCTIVITY
TESTER
LIGHT BULB
FILAMENT
CONDUCTOR
ACTIVITY
CREATING LIGHT
BATTERIES
STANDARD D CELL
VOLTAGE
COMMON TERM FOR
POTENTIAL
RESISTANCE TO ELECTRON
FLOW
ACTIVITY
LIGHT DIMMER
ELECTRICAL SHORT
ELECTROSQUARES
DRAWING CIRCUITS
ELECTRON CURRENT
A MEASURE OF THE RATE OF FLOW
OF ELECTRON CHARGE THROUGH A
CIRCUIT.
THE DIRECTION OF FLOW IS FROM
THE NEGATIVE SIDE OF THE ENERGY
SOURCE THROUGH THE CIRCUIT TO
THE POSITIVE SIDE OF THE ENERGY
SOURCE.
OHMS LAW
THE CURRENT THROUGH A RESISTOR
IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE APPLIED
VOLTAGE AND INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL TO ITS RESISTANCE.
I=V/R
I = CURRENT
V = VOLTAGE
R = RESISTANCE
ELECTRICAL CURRENT
A MEASURE OF THE NUMBER OF
COULOMBS PER SECOND THAT
PASSES A POINT IN A CIRCUIT.
SERIES CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
IN SERIES
ALL HAVE THE SAME
CURRENT
THROUGH THEM
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUITS
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS
IN PARALLEL
ALL HAVE THE SAME
VOLTAGE ACROSS
THEM
RESISTORS IN SERIES
THIS COMBINATION
POSSESSES LESS COMBINED
RESISTANCE THAN THE
LOWEST RESISTOR IN THE
COMBINATION.
BATTERIES IN SERIES
THE TOTAL VOLTAGE
PRODUCED BY BATTERIES IN
SERIES IS THE SUM OF THE
VOLTAGES OF EACH BATTERY
BATTERIES IN PARALLEL
PRODUCE THE SAME
VOLTAGE
QUESTION
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
DIODE
DIODE MEANS TO CONDUCT IN
ONLY ONE DIRECTION
WILL CONDUCT
ELECTRONS
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
CIRCUIT BREAKER
MAKE A SWITCH
LEMON BATTERY
THE ZINC TERMINAL IS NEGATIVE