FoundationConcepts:

InformationSystemsandTechnologies
 WHATISASYSTEM?
Agroupofinterrelatedorinteractingelements
formingaunifiedwhole,OR
Agroupofinterrelatedcomponentsworking
togethertowardacommongoalbyacceptinginputs
andproducingoutputsinanorganized
transformationprocess(dynamicsystem).
Threebasicinteractingcomponents:

Input
Processing(transformationprocess)
Output
OTHERSYSTEMCHARACTERISTICS
Asystemexistsandfunctionsinan
environmentcontainingothersystems.
Subsystemacomponentofalarger
system.
Systemsthatsharethesameenvironment
maybeconnectedtooneanotherthrougha
sharedboundary,orinterface.
CLASSIFICATIONOFSYSTEMS

Abstractsystemandphysicalsystem
Closedandopensystem
Manualandautomaticsystem
Deterministicandprobabilistic
system

ABSTRACTANDPHYSICALSYSTEM
Abstractsystemalsoknownasconceptual
systemisanorderlyarrangementofinter
dependentideas,principleorconcepts.
Fore.geducationsystem,politicalsystem,
astrologysystemetc
Physicalsystemsaresetofelementswhich
operatetogethertoaccomplishanobjectivefor
e.gmarketing,production,accountingetc
CLOSEDANDOPENSYSTEM

Aclosedsystemisselfcontainedandisolated
fromenvironment.Lifecycleofclosedsystemis
shorterbecauseitdoesnothaveanyinteraction
fromenvironment.
Opensystemsactivelyinteractwithother
systemsandestablishexchangerelationshipwith
theenvironment.
MANUALSYSTEMANDAUTOMATED
SYSTEM
Manualsystemarethosewherealltasksare
carriedoutmanually,thereisnomanmachine
interaction.
Automatedsystemwherecomputersor
microprocessorareusedtocarryoutallthedata
relatedtasks.
DETERMINISTICAND
PROBABILISTICSYSTEM
Deterministicsystemsoperateinapredictable
manner
Probabilisticsystemscanbedescribeintermsof
probablebehavior.
COMPONENTSOFAN
INFORMATIONSYSTEM
COMPONENTSOFAN
INFORMATIONSYSTEM
(CONTINUED)
PeopleResources DataResources
EndUsers Dataversus
ISSpecialists
Information
HardwareResources
Computer
NetworkResources
systems Communication
Peripherals media
SoftwareResources Network
Systemsoftware
support
Application
software
Procedures
COMPONENTSOFAN
INFORMATIONSYSTEM
(CONTINUED)
MAJORROLESOFIS

Support
Competitive
Advantage

Support
Business
Decision Making

Support of
Business Processes and Operations
TRENDSININFORMATIONSYSTEMS
INFORMATIONSYSTEMS
FRAMEWORK
INFORMATIONSYSTEMS
FRAMEWORK(CONTINUED)
FoundationConcepts
Fundamentalconceptsaboutthecomponents
androlesofinformationsystems.
InformationTechnologies
Majorconcepts,developments,and
managementissuesininformationtechnology.
 INFORMATIONSYSTEMS
FRAMEWORK(CONTINUED)
BusinessApplications
Themajorusesofinformationsystemsforoperations,
management,andcompetitiveadvantage.
DevelopmentProcesses
Howbusinessprofessionalsandinformationspecialists
plan,develop,andimplementinformationsystems.
ManagementChallenges
Thechallengeofmanaging ethicallyandeffectively.
TYPESOFINFORMATIONSYSTEMS
TYPESOFINFORMATIONSYSTEMS
OperationsSupportSystems
Transactionprocessingsystems
Batchtransactiondataaccumulateovertime,
processedperiodically.
Realtimedataprocessedimmediatelyaftera

transactionoccurs.
ProcessControlSystemsmonitor&control
physicalprocesses.
EnterpriseCollaborationSystems
TYPESOFINFORMATIONSYSTEMS
(CONTINUED)
ManagementSupportSystems
ManagementInformationSystemspre
specifiedreports&displaystosupport
decisionmaking.
DecisionSupportSystemsprovideinteractive
adhocsupport.
ExecutiveInformationSystemscritical
informationtailoredtotheinformationneeds
ofexecutives.
MANAGERIALCHALLENGESOF
INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
Informationsystemscanbemismanaged
andmisappliedsothattheycreateboth
technologicalandbusinessfailure.

Top Five Reasons for Success Top Five Reasons for Failure

Userinvolvement Lackofuserinput

Executivemanagementsupport Incompleterequirementsandspecifications

Clearstatementofrequirements Changingrequirementsandspecifications

Properplanning Lackofexecutivesupport

Realisticexpectations Technologicalincompetence
DEVELOPINGISSOLUTIONSTOBUSINESS
CHALLENGES
ETHICALCHALLENGES
Justbecausewecan,shouldwe?
Wheredowedrawthelinebetweencustomer
privacyandcollectingbusinessinformation?
Doweoweittosocietytousethistechnology
wiselyandresponsibly?Why?Isn tourjobto
makeaprofit?
INSUMMARY,THEISFUNCTION
Isamajorfunctionalareaofbusiness.
Isanimportantcontributortooperational
efficiency,employeeproductivityand
morale,andcustomerservice&
satisfaction.
Isamajorsourceofinformationand
supportfordecisionmaking.
Providesastrategicadvantagein
developingcompetitiveproducts&services.
Thanks