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ANATOMI JANTUNG
PEMBULUH DARAH KORONER
RCA
LM
LAD LCx
SISTEM KONDUKSI
SP
GAMBAR EKG
ELEKTROKARDIOGRAFI
PENGERTIAN
Elektrokardiografi adalah ilmu yg mempelajari
aktivitas listrik jantung.
Elektrokardigram ( EKG ) adalah suatu grafik yg
menggambarkan rekaman listrik jantung.
FUNGSI EKG
EKG mempunyai fungsi diagnostik diantaranya :
Aritmia jantung
Hipertrofi atrium dan ventrikel
Iskemik dan infark miokard
Efek obat-obatan seperti ( digitalis, anti aritmia dll )
Gangguan keseimbangan elektrolit khususnya kalium
Penilaian fungsi pacu jantung
MESIN EKG
1. GELOMBANG P
a. LEBAR KURANG DARI 0,12 detik
b. TINGGI KURANG DARI 0,3 mV
c. SELALU POSITIF DI LEAD II
d. SELALU NEGATIF DI LEAD AVR
2. GELOMBANG QRS
a. LEBAR 0,06 0,12 detik
b. GELOMBANG Q dalamnya <1/3 R
c. GELOMBANG R POSITIF DI LEAD
1,2,V5,V6 LEAD AVR,V1,V2 HANYA
KECIL ATAU TIDAK ADA SAMA SEKALI
d. GELOMBANG S DEFLEKSI NEGATIF SESUDAH
GELOMBANG R
Segmen ST
Diukur dari akhir QRS s/d awal gel T
Normal : Isoelektris
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
Infarct / Ischemia
Evolusi Infark Miokard
Hiperakut T peningkatan amplitudo dan durasi
gel.T (<1 jam)
ST elevation bermakna (transmural injury; bbrp jam)
Gel.Q patologis, ST elevasi menurun, gel. T terminal
inversi (nekrosis; hari)
Gel.Q patologis, gel. T inversi (nekrosis dan fibrosis;
hari minggu)
Gel.Q patologis, gel. T upright (fibrosis; minggu
tahun)
ECG diagnosis of ACS
STEMI NSTE-ACS/UAP
Calcium
Hypercalcemia : Shortening of QTc intervals
Hypocalcemia : Prolonged QTc intervals
Potassium
Hyperkalemia
Tall, tented T waves
Prolongation of QRS intervals
Prolongation of PR intervals
Disappearance of P wave
Wide, bizarre QRS Wave
Eventual asystole
Electrolyte Disturbances
Hypo kalemia
Prominent U wave
Prolonged QTc
ST depression
Flat o r diphasic T wave
Hyperkalemia
Arrhythmia
Classification
Supraventrivular arrythmia
Sinus pause or arrest, SA block, PAC, atrial flutter,
atrial fibrillation, etc
Ventricular arrythmia
PVC, VT, torsade de pointes, VF, etc
AV conduction abnormalities
AV block, WPW syndrome, etc
Rhythm
Rhythm Guidelines:
Check the bottom rhythm strip for regularity, i.e. -
regular, regularly irregular, and irregularly irregular.
Check for a P wave before each QRS, QRS after each
P.
Check PR interval (for AV blocks) and QRS (for bundle
branch blocks). Check for prolonged QT.
Recognize "patterns" such as atrial fibrillation, PVC's,
PAC's, escape beats, ventricular tachycardia,
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, AV blocks and bundle
branch blocks
Blocks
SA node block
Failure of the SA node to transmit an impulse
Complete pause of 1 beat ("skipped beat")
AV node block
Block which delays the electrical impulse as it travels between
the atria and the ventricles in the AV node
Presented by PR interval
Blocks
1st degree AV block
PR interval greater than 0.2 seconds (200ms or 1 large box)
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial activity is poorly defined; may see course or
fine undulations or no atrial activity at all
Ventricular response is irregularly irregular
Supraventricular
Atrial flutter
Regular atrial activity with a "clean" saw-tooth appearance
The ventricular response may be 2:1, 3:1 (rare), 4:1, or
irregular
Supraventricular
Ventricular tachycardia
Sustained (lasting >30 sec) vs. nonsustained
Monomorphic (uniform morphology) vs. polymorphic vs. Torsade-de-
pointes
Ventricular
Ventricular fibrillation
Chaotic, wide, ventricular tachyarrythmia with
grossly irregular morphology
No consistent identifiable QRS complexes
PEA