Construction of DC Machines
Commutator
Construction of DC Machines
Field Winding
DC Generator- Direction of Power Flow and Losses
DC Motor- Direction of Power Flow and Losses
DC Machines Parameters
Symbols that will be used.
|
1
2
8
3
N 7
S
6 4
5
Insulation Copper
Rotor Ir_dc segment
Winding
-
Details of the commutator of a dc motor.
DC machine
Rotor of a dc motor
Armature Reaction
If a load is connected to the terminals of the dc machine, a current
will flow in its armature windings. This current flow will produce
a magnetic field of its own, which will distort the original
magnetic field from the machines field poles. This distortion of
the magnetic flux in a machine as the load is increased is called
the armature reaction.
Types of DC Machines
Both the armature and field circuits carry direct current in the case of a
DC machine.
Types:
Self-excited DC machine: when a machine supplies its own excitation
of the field windings. In this machine, residual magnetism must be
present in the ferromagnetic circuit of the machine in order to start the
self-excitation process.
Separately-excited DC machine: The field windings may be separately
excited from an eternal DC source.
Shunt Machine: armature and field circuits are connected in parallel.
Shunt generator can be separately-excited or self-excited.
Series Machine: armature and field circuits are connected in series.
IL
+ +
If IL
+ Ra
Ra
DC Supply Rf Rf Vt
+ Vt
- Ea Ea Ia
- -
Separately-Excited Self-Excited
OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS
A
Field Current
Ra
Rext A
Z V
970 ohms VT
Rf Ea
ZZ AA
Load Current
A A
Field Current
Ra
L
Rext
970 ohms
Z A
V O
Rf Ea Terminal A
Voltage
D
ZZ AA
Ea = F n z p
60 a
60 a
V - I R
Speed n =
a a
zF p
E
na a
F
Losses = I2 R a -- Windings(Armature)
a
= I2 R -- Windings(Field )
f f
and Rotational Losses (Windage and Friction)