Voltage Control of Single-Phase Inverters

Commonly-used Techniques
Single-Pulse-Width-Modulation
Multiple-Pulse-Width-Modulation
Sinusoidal-Pulse-Width-Modulation
Modified-Sinusoidal-Pulse-Width-Modulation
Phase-Displacement Control

ECE 442 Power Electronics 1

Single-Pulse-Width-Modulation

ECE 442 Power Electronics 2

 One Pulse per Half-Cycle
Pulse Width Controls the Output Voltage

ECE 442 Power Electronics 3

 Carrier and Reference Signals

Gate Pulse
Gate Pulse

Compare the Reference Signal with the Carrier

Frequency of the Reference Signal determines
the frequency of the Output Voltage
Modulation Index = M = Ar/Ac
ECE 442 Power Electronics 4
Gate Signals and Output

ECE 442 Power Electronics 5

rms value of the Output Voltage

1

2

2
2
Vo
2
V d ( t )
2
s

2


Vo Vs

0 180
0 Vo Vs
ECE 442 Power Electronics 6
Fourier Series for the Output Voltage

4Vs n
vo (t ) sin sin nt
n 1,3,5,... n 2

ECE 442 Power Electronics 7

Times and angles of the intersections

1 TS
t1 (1 M )
2
2 TS
t2 (1 M )
2

Pulse width d (or pulse angle )

TS = T/2

d t2 t1 MTS

ECE 442 Power Electronics 8
Harmonic Profile

ECE 442 Power Electronics 9

Multiple-Pulse-Width-Modulation

ECE 442 Power Electronics 10

Multiple Pulses per Half-Cycle
of Output Voltage

ECE 442 Power Electronics 11

 Gate Signal Generation

Compare the Reference Signal with the Carrier

Frequency of the Reference Signal determines the
Output Voltage Frequency
Frequency of the Carrier determines the number of
pulses per half-cycle
Modulation Index controls the Output Voltage
ECE 442 Power Electronics 12
 Gate Signals and Output Voltage

Number of pulses per half cycle = p = fc/2fo = mf /2

where mf = frequency modulation ratio
ECE 442 Power Electronics 13
rms Value of the Output Voltage
1
( p ) / 2 2

2p
2
Vo Vs
2
d ( t )
( ) / 2
p
p
Vo Vs

0 M 1
T
0
2p

0
p
0 Vo Vs
ECE 442 Power Electronics 14
 Fourier Series of the Output Voltage

vo (t )
n 1,3,5,...
Bn sin nt
2p
4Vs n 3
Bn sin sin n( m ) sin n( m
m 1 n 4 4 4
ECE 442 Power Electronics 15
The times and angles of the intersections
m Ts
tm (m M )
2

m T
tm (m 1 M ) S
2

The pulse width d (or pulse angle ) TS = T/2p

d tm 1 tm MTS

ECE 442 Power Electronics 16

Harmonic Profile

ECE 442 Power Electronics 17