(MAS)
C B A
B A
DNA Markers
Isozyme Markers
Visual Markers
Gene structure
Cases
a. Flower color distinguishable between two parents
and the parental color accurately reproduced in
the progeny
b. Plant height is often different two parents, but
not accurately reproduced in the progeny
Genetic Marker
Dominant marker
Classification Co-dominant marker
aa Aa AA aa Aa AA
Isozyme Markers
Karakteristik isozim
Produk dari alel yang berbeda bergerak pada posisi yang
berbeda pada gel
Alel yang berbeda, biasanya diwariskan secara kodominan,
bebas dari epistasis sehingga dapat membedakan homozigot
dan heterozigot
Site classification
Random Markers
1. Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD)
2. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
3. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
4. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)/Microsatellites
Specific Markers
1. Sequence Characterized Amplification Region (SCAR)
2. Expressed Sequence Tags (EST)
3. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
Atf1:1 TGAATGCTAGCTGGCTGAATTTTGGCAGTAAGT 28
************ ********************
Atf2:1 TGAATGCTAGCTTGCTGAATTTTGGCAGTAAGT 28
************** ******************
Atf3:1 TGAATGCTAGCTGGATGAATTTTGGCAGTAAGT 28
Annealing
Primer attachment
Extension
Double strand DNA
Taq polymerase syntheses a new DNA strand
Double strand DNA
First Cycle Second Cycle Third Cycle
AGTCTTAACAGTC
TCAGAATTGTCAG
AGTCTTAACAGTC
AGAATTGTC AG
AGTCTT AACAG
TCAGAATTGTCAG
AGTCTTAACAGTC
AGAATTGTCAG
AGTCTTAACAGTC
AGAATTGTC AG
TC T TA ACAG
AGAATTGTCAG
TCTTAACAG
AGAATTGTCAG
TCTTAACAG
AGAATTGTC
TCTTA ACAG
AGAATTGTCAG
AGTCTT AACAG
TCAGAATTGTCAG
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP)
Primer sequens (5 3)
AN 03 AGCCAGGCTG
AN 05 GGGTGCAGTT
AN 06 GGGAACCCGT
AK 12 AGTGTAGCCC
Pola PITA pada RAPD AA AA AA
Lokus 1
Lokus 2
Alel 1
Alel 2
Alasan memilih RAPD:
a. Hanya butuh sedikit DNA
b. Tidak memerlukan info sekuens
c. Tidak ada penggunaan radioaktif
d. Mudah dan murah
Dendrogram