Rights of Non-Muslims

in Islam






60

8. God does not forbid you from being kind and acting justly
towards those who did not fight over faith with you, nor
expelled you from your homes. God indeed loves those who
are just.

9. He only forbids you from making friends with those who

fought over faith with you and banished you from your homes,
and aided in your exile. Whoever makes friends with them is a
transgressor




8

61. But if they are inclined to peace, make peace

with them, and have trust in God, for He hears
all and knows everything.
 Some Important Rights
1. Right to Life
2. Right to get Education
3. Right to Merit
4. All Financial Rights
5. All Social Rights
6. All Religious Rights (Worship, Religious
Education, Internal Preaching etc.)
7. Political Rights (Some Limitations)


O YOU WHO BELIEVE, do not take My

enemies and your enemies as friends. You
show kindness to them, but they reject the
true way that has come to you. They
expelled the Prophet and you, for you
believe in God your Lord.




If you have come out to struggle in My cause
having sought My acceptance, (do not be)
friendly with them in secret. I know what you
hide and what you disclose. Whoever of you
does this will have gone astray from the right
path.


2. If they gain ascendancy over you, they will

become your enemies, and employ their
hands and tongues with evil designs, and
wish that you also became disbelievers..






60

8. God does not forbid you from being kind and acting justly
towards those who did not fight over faith with you, nor
expelled you from your homes. God indeed loves those who
are just.

9. He only forbids you from making friends with those who

fought over faith with you and banished you from your homes,
and aided in your exile. Whoever makes friends with them is a
transgressor
8. God does not forbid you from being kind and acting
justly towards those who did not fight over faith with
you, nor expelled you from your homes. God indeed
loves those who are just.

9. He only forbids you from making friends with those

who fought over faith with you and banished you
from your homes, and aided in your exile. Whoever
makes friends with them is a transgressor.


60. Prepare against them whatever arms and cavalry you can
muster, that you may strike terror in (the hearts of) the enemies
of God and your own, and others besides them not known to
you, but known to God. Whatever you spend in the way of
God will be paid back to you in full, and no wrong will be
done to you.




8

61. But if they are inclined to peace, make peace

with them, and have trust in God, for He hears
all and knows everything.
Qur'an states: O mankind! We created you from
a single (pair) of a male and a female, and
made you INTO NATIONS AND TRIBES
that you may know each other (not that you
may despise (each other). Verily the most
honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he
who is) the MOST RIGHTEOUS OF
YOU . And Allah has full knowledge and is
well acquainted (with all things). [49:13]
 Surah Al-Kaferoon
109.1: Say: O disbelievers!
109.2: I worship not that which ye worship;
109.3: Nor you worship that which I worship.
109.4: And I shall not worship that which you
worship.
109.5: Nor will ye worship that which I worship.
109.6: Unto you your religion, and unto me
my religion.
 The Prophet of Mercy said: Beware!
Whosoever oppresses a Muahid (i.e. Non-
Muslim living in Muslim land with agreement)
or snatches (any of) his rights or causes him
pain which he cannot bear, or takes anything
from him without his permission, Then I WILL
FIGHT AGAINST SUCH A (MUSLIM) ON THE
DAY OF JUDGEMENT [Sunnan Abu Dawud,
Volume No. 3, Page No. 170, Hadith No. 3052]
 In another hadith the Prophet (Peace be upon
him) is more explicit, he said: If any Muslim
killed a Muahid (i.e. non-Muslim living in
Muslim land with agreement) then he
(Muslim) shall not even smell the fragrance
of Paradise although the fragrance of Paradise
would have been perceived from the distance
of travelling for 40 years [Sahih Bukhari,
Volume No. 3, Hadith # 2995]
"Christians allowed to pray inside the Prophetic
Mosque which is the most holy place after Makkah
(a part from Prophetic grave which is more holier
than even Ka'ba ) "
Hadith: Once a delegation of Christians comprising of 14
members came to Madina. The Prophet (Peace be
upon him) made them stay in his mosque (i.e. Masjid
an Nabwi) and he gave them permission to perform
their worship in their own manner inside his Mosque.
[Imam Ibn e Sad in his Tabaqat al Kubra, Volume No. 1,
Page No. 357]
When Muslims won their freedom and went back to their
homeland after a long and treacherous exile, a commander
from Muslims exclaimed loudly:
Today is a day of revenge (fight), at this the Prophet (Peace
be upon him)became angry and said: Today is the day of open
forgiveness, then he asked his enemies: How should I treat
you today? They replied: We expect you to treat us Just like
Prophet Joseph treated his wrongdoing brothers, the Prophet
said in reply the same sentence which Joseph had said to his
brothers: There is no questioning from you today and you
are all free. [Imam Ibn Hajr al-Asqalani, Fath ul Bari,
Volume No. 8, Page No.18 ]
The biggest enemy of Muslims at that time was
Abu Sufyan, the Prophet (Peace be upon him)
said: Whosoever takes shelter in ABU
SUFYANS HOUSE is safe.
[Sahih Muslim, Volume No. 3, Hadith # 1780]
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said:
To protect the rights (of non-Muslims) is
amongst the primary duties of mine
[Sunnan Baihaqi, Volume No. 8, Page No. 30]
 Once a governor of Egypt punished a non-Muslim
wrongly, the case was brought to the caliph of time i.e.
Umar ibn ul Khattab (the second caliph of Islam),
the Muslim governor was proven to be wrong, Umar the
great (ra) told the non Muslim to punish the Egyptian
governor in same fashion, after it Umar (ra) said:
Since when have you considered people as you slaves?
Although their mothers gave birth to them as free
living people

[Kanz ul Amaal, Volume No. 4, Page No. 455]

The Prophet (Salallaho alaihi wasalam) said: Najran
(i.e. Christian land) and its leaders are
assured the security from Allah and his
Apostle. Their lives, their legislation, land,
wealth, near and far away people, their
worship places will be protected. No priest from
his religious post, no officer of his official post
shall be removed
[Tabaqat Ibn Saad, Volume No. 1 Page No. 228]
As Muslims have to give OBLIGATORY
CHARITY similarly the non-Muslims living in
Muslim lands had to give Jiziya Tax, however
Islam does not put this condition upon
POOR, OLD AND INCAPABLE non
Muslims.
It states in one of the leading book of Islamic
Jurisprudence: If they are poor, old or suffering
(from financial or physical ailments) to the extent
that people from their own faith start giving them
charity then the Law of Jiziya will be LIFTED
from them and from Bayt ul Maal (Muslim house
of wealth i.e. a bank) they will be helped instead
but till the time they live in the Muslim land
[Imam Abu Yusuf, Kitab al-Khiraaj, Page No. 155]
THANK YOU
 The Islamic Shari`ah provides a different set of obligations and
rights of the non-Muslim residents in the Islamic society. It may be
sufficient in rebuttal of this misconception to quote the general
ruling mentioned in the books of Islamic jurisprudence:
Non-Muslims are entitled for that which Muslims are entitled.
They are also obligated to do that which Muslims are obligated.
This is the general rule and from it emanates the just and equitable
laws giving the non-Muslim residents in an Islamic state their rights
to security, private property, religious observance, etc.
Islam permits religious discussions and dialogues with non-
Muslims, commandingMuslims to adhere to the best methodology
in any discussions and dialogues with the non-Muslims. Allah (the
Exalted and Majestic) states in the Quran:
 Islam forbids forceful measures to convert
people from other faiths, as stated in the
verse of the Quran:
If it had been your Lords will, they would all
have believed, all who are on earth! will you
then compel mankind, against their will, to
believe! (Yunus 10:99)
 Interactions between Muslims and non-Muslims are based
on cordial and just manners. Commercial transactions are
permitted with resident and non-resident non-Muslims of
the Islamic society. A Muslim may eat the food of Jews and
Christians. A male Muslim may marry a Jewish or a
Christian woman as will be explained below. We must
remember that Islam gives special attention and
importance on raising a family. Allah states in the Quran:
This day are (all) things good and pure made lawful unto
you. The food of the People of the Book is lawful unto you
and yours is lawful unto them. (Lawful unto you in
marriage) are (not only) chaste women who are believers,
but chaste women among the People of the Book,
revealed before your time, when you give them their due
dowers, and desire chastity, not lewdness, nor secret
intrigues if any one rejects faith, fruitless is his work, and
in the Hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who have
lost (all spiritual good). (Al-Maidah 5:5)
 THEY ASK YOU of (benefits accruing as) spoils of
war. Tell them: "The benefits belong to God and
His Messenger." So fulfil your duty to God and
keep peace among yourselves. Obey God and the
Prophet, If you really believe. 2. Only they are
true believers whose hearts fill up with awe when
the name of God is mentioned; and their faith is
further strengthened when His messages are
read out to them; and those who place their trust
in their Lord, 3
 3. Neither your blood relations nor your children will
be of any avail to you on the Day of Resurrection. He
will judge between you, for God sees what you do. 4.
You have an excellent model in Abraham and those
who were with him, when he said to his people: "We
are through with you, and those you worship other
than God. We reject you. Enmity and hate have come
between you and us for ever, unless you believe in God
the One," -- except for what he said to his father: "I
shall ask forgiveness for you, but I have no power to
prevail with God for you." "O Lord, we place our trust
in You, and turn to You in penitence, and to You is our
returning