m Found around the world except for the Polar

Region
m A recently found fossilized bee dates back 100
million years
m First honey bee appeared 20-27 million years
ago
m ³Bee keeping´ by humans occurred 4,500 years
ago
m First time introduced into North America early
16th century
m Follow Operational Research principle.
wo types of Bees- Social and Solitary
m Social Bees that live in colonies.
m Solitary Bees that doesn¶t live in colonies i.e.
same hive in which queen lives.
m oney
m xax & other products
m Pollination
m Fun
m oney
m x
& other products
m Pollination
m Fun
m oney
m xax & other products
m pollin tion
m Fun
m oney
m xax & other products
m Pollination
m 6un
m hree distinct types of oney Bees inside the ive
- Queen, Drone and xorker
m ³ QU N´(female) is the central member of the
hive and the social bees live theirs lives around her.
m ³ DRON ´ is the male bee and he is
considerablely larger then the Queen and the
worker.
m he Drone lives only to find and mate with a Queen.
he act of mating actually leads to his death.
m ³ xORK R´ (Female) is the oney Bee that
you see flying around, alighting on the flowers to
gather nectar to bring back to the hive.
 Apis Apis Apis Apis Apis
mellifer mellifer mellifer mellifer mellifer
ëp
 ë ligustic c rnic c uc sic mellifer scutell t
Alps,
northern Caucasus Northern astern
 ºtaly Yugoslavia Mts urope Africa
Golden Golden

 Yellow Gray/brown Lead-gray Brown/black yellow
xell
(generally) xell Poorly xell
 
  Build quickly
Build quickly Build slowly Build slowly
in in in in
spring spring spring spring Poorly

Usually Moves
gentle frequently Gentle to Nervous &
  Gentle aggressive aggressive Aggressive
m Branch of applied mathematics that uses
methods such as mathematical
modeling, statistics, and algorithms to arrive at
optimal solutions to complex problems.
m elps management achieve its goals using
scientific methods.
m Also called management or decision making
Science.
m Applied to the real world also.

AMPL ± oney Bee
m Nature inspired methods (Mating Optimization)
m Check by similar odor and using their antennae.
m Division Of Labor.
m Recognize flowers producing the pollen they use
for protein and the nectar they use for energy.
m Uses two known tools to understand where
food is available are ëol r
omp ss nd
ntern l
lock.
Study uses a nature-inspired method,
namely honey bees mating optimization
algorithm, that is based on the mating
behavior of honey bees for a financial
classification problem. Financial decisions
are often based on classification models
which are used to assign a set of
observations into predefined groups.
m Among females (reproduction)
m Among workers (tasks)
m Depends upon
- Age of the bee
- Needs of the colony
 Young bees:1 to 10 days
m Cell cleaning
m Cap brood
m Attend queen
 Middle-aged bees:10 to 20 days old
m Receive nectar & pollen
m Comb building
m ive cleaning
- Debris removal
- Undertakers
m Climate control
 Old bees: 20 days until death (30-45 days)
m Foraging
± Nectar
± Pollen
± xater
m ive defense
o make 1 lb honey
m Bees visit 2,000,000
flowers
m Gather 10 lbs nectar
m Fly 55,000 miles

1 cell of = life work of

60 bees

o make 1 lb wax
m Need to consume 10 lbs honey
 Use two known tools to understand where food
is:

m ëol r
omp ss, which lets her remember

where things are in relation to the sun. he
bee's ability to see polarized light lets her
determine where the sun is regardless of
whether.

m ntern l clock, which lets her keep track of how

far she has flown
 Dances ± Conveys
direction & distance to
nectar and pollen
sources
wo types of Dances:
m Round Dance - ºf the
food is nearby
m xaggle Dance - xhen
the food is far away.
m he Queen is the primary
reproductive unit of the hive
m Fertilized eggs may
become either workers or
queens
m o become a queen, a
larva must:
± Be fed royal jelly
± Be fed more food
± ave a larger cell
 Brood is divided into two divisions
m Resident queen in one division and
m An introduced queen in the other division.
For this purpose hive chambers are made
by worker bees in such a manner which
prevent direct contact of wo-Queen.
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m A hive of bees must fly 55,000 miles to
produce a pound of honey.
m One bee colony can produce 60 to 100
pounds of honey per year.
m An average worker bee makes only about
1/12 teaspoon of honey in its lifetime.
m A strong, healthy hive will have a population
of approximately 50,000 bees.