Topic 1= Energy Security

The topic is split into 3 key questions:

1. To what extent is the world's energy
'secure' at present ?
Energy supply, demand and security
2. What are the potential impacts of an
increasingly 'energy insecure' world?
The impacts of Energy Insecurity
3. What might the world's energy future be?
Energy Security and the future
 1 Energy supply, demand and security
Enquiry question: To what extent is the world energy secure at present?
What students need to learn
There are many energy sources that
can be classified in different ways
(flows of renewable resources,
stocks of non-renewable and
recyclable
sources) and that have different
environmental costs.
Access to and consumption of energy
resources, both renewable and non-
renewable, is not evenly distributed,
and depends on physical
factors, cost, technology and public
perception.
Some areas suffer from energy
poverty, while others have a surplus.
Demand for energy is growing
globally, and at regional and local
scales, especially in developed
and emergent economies such as
China and India.
Energy security depends on resource
availability (domestic and foreign)
and security of supply, which can be
affected by geopolitics, and is a
key issue for many economies.
Suggested teaching and learning
Investigating types of energy
resources, their classification, and
contrasting the environmental
impacts associated with their
production and use.
Examining the distribution of fossil
fuel resources, and renewable
potential, globally and in
contrasting countries.
Examining trends in global energy
supply and demand by source,
type of economy and economic
sector.
Developing an awareness that that
there is little excess capacity to
ease pressure on energy resources
and therefore energy insecurity
is rising, particularly for finite
resources.
Lesson objectives:
To understand the term energy security
and be able to identify the key pressures
on a countrys energy security.

To be able to identify key areas of energy

surplus and areas of energy deficit.
 it is impossible to
separate
energy from the national
interest.

Tony Benn
former MP for
Chesterfield
 What does it mean to be energy
secure?
To have ENERGY SECURITY means to have
access to reliable and affordable energy
sources
E.g. Russia
Countries that do not have this are said to
be ENERGY INSECURE

Key terms
learn and use
 Achieving Energy Security
Important factors are:
Control over supplies
Control over prices
Having a variety of energy sources to call
on
Political stability (in supply region as well
as demand region)
 Make a spider diagram of factors that
may threaten energy security.
Energy security can be threatened by:
Rapid increase in prices (oil 2004)
Instability of suppliers (Georgia 2008)
Manipulation of supply
Attack on infrastructure (terrorism)
Competition from expanding economies
e.g. China
Environmental legislation which adds to
the costs of finding, transporting and
processing the resource
Energy security can be improved by:
Greater energy efficiency
Greater energy self-sufficiency
Decentralization of energy production
Short term stockpiles (90 days)
 Global energy distribution
Hand out map
 So where is potential energy
located and where is it produced?
The following work goes together with the
handouts I gave you on nuclear energy
etc
 USA China Russi UK India Iraq Saudi Iran Venez Niger Austr
a Arabi uala ia alia
a

Urani
um

Natur
al Gas

Oil

Coal

Solar

Wind

Wave
s
 Europe Asia North South Oceania Africa
America America

Uranium

Natural
Gas

Oil

Coal

Solar

Wind

Waves
 Nuclear Power Potential

Uranium
Country mining
in tonnes
725,000 t
Australia

Brazil 157,400 t
Canada 329,200 t
Kazakhstan 378,100 t
South Africa 284,400 t
Namibia 176,400 t
Niger 243,100 t
Russia 172,400 t
Ukraine 135,000 t
Uzbekistan 72,400 t
USA 339,000 t
Rank Country/Region Natural Gas- Date of
proven reserves Information
9
(billion - 10 m)
World 175,400 2006 est.
1 Russia 47,570 2006 est.
2 Iran 26,370 2006
3 Qatar 25,790 2007 est.
4 Saudi Arabia 6,568 2006 est.
5 United Arab Emirates 5,823 2006 est.
6 United States 5,551 2006 est.
7 Nigeria 5,015 2006 est.
8 Algeria 4,359 2006 est.
9 Venezuela 4,112 2006 est.
European Union 3,310 2006 est.
10 Iraq 3,170 2007 est.
Rank Country/Region Oil- proven reserves (billion Date of
bbl) Information

World 1,371.742 estimated

1 Saudi Arabia 261.9 2003 est.
2 Canada 178.8 2001
3 Iran 132.5 2004 est.
4 Iraq 112.5 2003 est.
5 Kuwait 101.5 2003 est.
6 United Arab 97.8 2003 est.
Emirates
7 Venezuela 80 2008 est.
8 Russia 74.4 2003 est.
9 Algeria 43 2006 est.
10 Libya 42 2003 est.
 Whats Yoil problem??
Current oil supplies
There are an estimated 1.3 trillion barrels of proven
oil reserve left in the worlds major fields, which at
present rates of consumption will be sufficient to
last 40 years.
By 2040, production levels may be down to 15
million barrels per day around 20% of what we
currently consume. It is likely by then that the
worlds population will be twice as large, and more
of it industrialised (and therefore oil dependent).
 Two-thirds of the worlds remaining reserves
are in the Middle East:

Country Billions of barrels

Saudi Arabia 261.8

Iraq 112.5
United Arab Emirates 97.8
Kuwait 96.5
Iran 89.7
By comparison, the North Sea has around 4.9bn
barrels
remaining. Brazil recently discovered a new field
with an
estimated 5 8 billion barrels but such major
discoveries are rare.
Country TOTAL Share
USA 246,643 27.1
Russia 157,010 17.3
China 114,500 12.6
India 92,445 10.2
Australia 78,500 8.6
South Africa 48,750 5.4
Ukraine 34,153 3.8
Kazakhstan 31,279 3.4
Poland 14,000 1.5
Brazil 10,113 1.1
 Shade in your world map and describe the
distribution of energy production.

It is worth noting that how much energy a

country produces does not always match
with its energy reserves.
Rapidly growing demand;
use of pollution sources
such as high sulphur
Energy Issues across the World
coal; health impacts;
impact on global fossil
fuel prices
which statement goes where?
Reserves; questions of
developing these in the
Arctic, Antarctic and
other sensitive areas

Energy poverty;
dependency on foreign
TNCs to exploit supply
(Nigeria, Sudan)

Dependency;
wastefulness; lack of
fossil fuel supply (energy
insecurity)

Supply security; role of

unstable regions in fossil
fuel supply; link between
nuclear power and
weapons.

Huge surplus;
inefficient use; energy
as a political weapon?
 Energy Issues across the world Dependency; Huge surplus;
wastefulness; lack of inefficient use;
Reserves; questions of energy as a political
developing these in the fossil fuel supply (energy
insecurity) weapon?
Arctic, Antarctic and other
sensitive areas

Key issues
for learning

Rapidly growing demand;

Energy poverty;
dependency on foreign
TNCs to exploit supply
(Nigeria, Sudan)
Supply security; role
of unstable regions in
fossil fuel supply;
link between nuclear
power and weapons.
use of pollution sources
such as high sulphur coal;
health impacts; impact on
global fossil fuel prices
 Energy Production - Supply
Issues of supply?
When it doesnt meet demand
When it needs transporting to meet demand
The impact on price when demand> than
supply
The power and influence production brings
The impact on the price of food
Homework For use with 1.2 and 1.4

With reference to the UK I want you to

research one specific type of energy and
assess the role it plays in our energy
security.

Nuclear, Oil, Coal, Natural gas, Wind, Tidal

and wave
 Key questions
How much of our energy comes from
this source?
How important is it to our economy?
Where do we get this energy from?
How sustainable is this source of
energy? (Will it last into the future, will
it help or inhibit the UK from meeting
climate change targets, is it affordable)
Specific case studies of this energy
type in the UK