Strategies for Complete Expansion in I.C.

Engine

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department

Achieve Maximum Work Output.

 In 2000, a new engine is born ...
Three cylinder 5-Stroke engine

Five Stroke Internal Combustion

Engine : A new concept for internal
combustion engines
by Gerhard Schmitz, St.Vith 2011,
Belgium
 The Five Stroke Cycle

The five-stroke cycle consists in the following steps:

1. Admission in the high pressure (HP) cylinder
2. Compression, followed by the ignition
3. First expansion of the burned gases
4. Second expansion of the burned gases
5. Exhausting of the burned gases.
Phase A : Intake in Hp Cylinder 1, Expansion in HP 2
& Exhaust in LP
Load Pressure Regulation of the 5-stroke cycle at
4000 rpm
Speed Vs Loading Pressure @ Max. Torque
Phase B : Compression + Combustion in HP 1,
Expansion in LP & Transfer from HP 2
 Explicit Numerical Integration

For a crank rotation of

pi pi 1 Rmix hi A i Tmix,i Tw Cv ,i dV mmixTmix,i Rmix i i 1

1 pi
V C
i v ,i Rmix d
i i 12

Intake Valve Lift Diagram
 Work Consumed by compression Process

W p dV
CS CS
Wcompression,nogen W p dV
IVC IVC

TDC TDC
Wcompression, gen W p dV
CS CS
 Modeling of Combustion Process

dp Rmix Qgen Qloss Cv dV mmixTmix Rmix d

1 p
d VCv d d Rmix d 1 d
2

In above Eq., the rate of the heat loss Qloss/d is expressed as:
Qloss hA Tmix Tw

d
The convective heat transfer coefficient is given by the Woschni
model as 0.2 0.8 0.8
h 3.2 D p U mix
Vd Tmix, IVC
U mix 2.28 s p C1 p pcold
pIVCVIVC
For combustion and expansion processes: C1=0.00324.
 Dual Phase Combustion
The rate of the heat input Qgen/d (heat release)can be modeled
using a dual Weibe function

Qgen Qp
m p 1
mp Q
md 1
md


a m p exp a a d md exp a
d d
p p
p
d
d

Q p Qd Qin combm f LHV

Magnitude & Location of Peak Pressure
Phase C : Combustion + Expansion in HP 1, Intake
in HP2 & Exhaust from LP
Work Delivered during Expansion in HP Cylinder

W p dV
CE CE
Wexp ansion,cm , gen W p dV
TDC TDC

TVO TVO
Wexp ansion,cm W p dV
CE CE

BDC BDC
Wexp ansion,cv W p m dv
TVO TVO
Phase D : Transfer from HP 1, Intake in HP 2 &
Expansion in LP
Valve Lift Diagrams
Work Delivered during Expansion in LP Cylinder

W p dV

BDC BDC
Wexp ansion,cv W p m dv
TVO
TVO
Pressure/Volume diagram of 5-stroke cycle at 4000 rpm
Pressure/Volume diagram of 5-stroke cycle at 4000 rpm
BSFC of the 4- and 5-stroke engines at 4000 rpm
 Net Work distribution at full load (100%)

Frictional Losses : ~ 5%