Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menenah

Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools

LEARNING AREA: TRIGONOMETRY

15.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVE

STUDENTS WILL BE TAUGHT TO

UNDERSTAND AND USE TANGENT OF AN
ACUTE ANGLE IN A RIGHT-ANGLE
TRIANGLE
LEARNING AREA: TRIGONOMETRY

15.1(i)Learning Outcomes: Students will be able

to identify the hypotenuse and the opposite
side and the adjacent side with respect to one
of the acute angles.
Explanations
a) Hypotenuse
- The longest side of right-angled triangle and it is
opposite the right angle
A
Hypotenuse

B C
 b) i - Acute Angle
-is an angle less than 90
-for example, BAC and BCA
ii- Opposite side and adjacent side

B C

Refer to the above diagram AB is opposite side to

BCA and BC is adjacent side to BCA
15.1(ii)Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to determine the
tangent of an angle

Explanations:
Tan = Opposite side
Adjacent side
Example: A
A 5 cm
3 cm
B C
B C 4 cm

Tan = AB Tan =3
BC 4

Tan = BC Tan =4
AB 3
Questions

1.From the diagram below, find the value of Tan

a) b)

r
q 6 cm

p 11 cm

c)
13 cm
12 cm

2. Given that tan = , find the value of x

x

12 cm
15.1(iii) Learning outcomes: Students will be able to
calculate the tangent of an angle given the lengths of
sides of the triangle
Example:

10 cm Tan = 6
8 cm 8
= 3
4
6 cm

Question :
1. Calculate tan in the form of ratio

a) b)
6 cm 13 cm
12 cm

11 cm
15.1(iv)Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to
calculate the lengths of sides of a triangle given the value
of tangent and the length of another side.

Example:
Given that, tan = ,find the length of side x

Solution:
X cm Tan =
4x = 36
x = 36
12 cm
4
=9
Question:
1) Calculate the length of side x for each of right angle triangle below.
a) Given that tan = 2 b) Given that tan = 0.8
3
x
12 cm

X cm 5 cm
15.2 LEARNING OBJECTIVE

STUDENTS WILL BE TAUGHT TO

UNDERSTAND AND USE SINE OF AN
ACUTE ANGLE IN A RIGHT-ANGLED
TRIANGLE
15.2 (i) Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to
determine the sine of an angle.
Explanations:
Sin = opposite side
hypotenuse
Examples:
Determine the sine of an angle.
i) ii)
A
c
a
C
B
b

Sin =AB Sin = b

AC c
Questions:
1) Find the value of sin in the form of ratio
of two sides.
a) b) e
n g
m

t b

Sin = Sin =

Sin = m / n
Sin =b/e
15.2(ii) Learning outcomes: Students will be able to
calculate the sine of an angle given the lengths of sides of
the triangle.

Examples:
Calculate the value of sine in the form of fraction.
a) b)
12 cm 5 cm
9 cm
13 cm

6 cm

Sin = 6 Sin = 5
9 13
=2
3
Questions
1. Calculate the value of sine
a) b)
9 cm 2 cm
4 cm

=
II
3 cm

Sin =
Sin =
15.2(iii) Learning outcomes: Students will be able to calculate the
lengths of sides of a triangle given the value of sine and the length of
another side.

Example:
Calculate the length of side y in each of diagram below.
a) Given that, sin = b) Given that, sin = 2/3

6 cm
Y cm 4 cm Y cm


Sin = 1 = 4 Sin =2 = y
2 y 3 6
y =8 2y = 12
y=4
Questions:

1. Find the length of side y below for each of right-angle triangle below.

a) Given sin = 2/5 Y cm

20 cm

b) Given sin = 0.5

10 cm Y cm

6 cm
 15.3 LEARNING OBJECTIVE

STUDENTS WILL BE TAUGHT TO

UNDERSTAND AND USE COSINE OF AN
ACUTE ANGLE IN A RIGHT-ANGLED
TRIANGLE
15.3(i) Learning outcomes: Students will be able to
determine the cosine of an angle.

Explanation
Cosine = adjacent side hypotenuse
hypotenuse opposite

adjacent

i- Determine the cosine of an angle

Examples
a) State the value of cosine in the form of ratio

p
q

r
Cos = r
p
Questions:

Calculate cosine in fraction form.

a) b)
z
y
c b

x
a

Cos = Cos =
15.3(ii) Learning outcomes: Students will be able to calculate the
cosine of an angle given the lengths of sides of the triangle

Example:
Calculate the value of cosine in fraction form.
a) b)

20 cm 10 cm
6 cm

12 cm
Questions:
1) Find the value of cosine 2. Find the value of cosine right to decimal
place 5 cm
13 cm

12 cm 8 cm
15.3(iii)Learning outcomes: Students will be able to calculate the
lengths of sides of a triangle given the value of cosine and the length
of another side

Example:
Find the Length of side x
a) Given cosine = 4
5 X cm
10 cm
Solution
Cos =x =4
10 5
5x = 40
x=8
Questions:
Find the length of side y.
1) Given cosine = 2/5 2) Given cos =2/7

14 cm
Y cm 4 cm Y cm
 15.4 LEARNING OBJECTIVE

STUDENTS WILL BE TAUGHT TO USE THE

VALUES OF TANGENT, SINE AND COSINE
TO SOLVE PROBLEMS
 15.4(i) Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to calculate the value
of other trigonometric ratios given the value of a trigonometric ratio.

Example
In the diagram below, ABC is a straight line. Given that sin x = 4/5 , BC = 9cm, and BD =
10 cm , find the value of:
a) Cos x
b) Tan y

From AB = BD - AD
A
Solution = 100 64
10 cm a) Cos x
= 36
Given x = 4
x y 5 AB = 36
B so AD = 4
C = 6 cm
BD 5
b) Tan y = AD Hence, cos x = AB
AC AD = 4 X 10
BD
=8 5
5 =8 cm = 6/10
= 3/5
Questions
1. Given that sin x = 5/13, find the value of tan x and cos x

13 cm
5m
x
A
B C

2. Given ABC is a right-angle triangle whereby B = 90, AB = i8 cm and

BC=24 cm . Calculate the value of tan A , sin A and cos A
A

18 cm
B C
24 cm
15.4(ii) Learning Outcomes : Students will be able to convert the
measurement of angles from
a) degrees to degrees and minutes
b) degrees and minutes to degrees

Explanation
The relationship between degrees and minutes:
1 minute = 1/60 degrees
60 minutes = 1 degrees
Example:
1)Change the units of the following angles to degrees and minutes
a) 39.9
= 39 + (0.9 x 60)
= 39 + 54
= 39 54
2) Change the units of the following angles to degrees
a) 27 48
= 27 + (48/ 60)
= 27 + 0.8
= 27.8
 15.4(iii) Learning Outcomes : Students will be able to find the value of:
a) tangent
b) sine
c) cosine
of 30 , 45 and 60 without using scientific calculator.

Explanations:
- The angle of 30,45, and 60 are special angles .
- The trigonometric ratios of special angles can be calculated without using
a scientific calculator.

Example :
1. Sin 30 = 2 3
Therefore: cos 30 = __
1 2
30 Tan 30 = 1
3 3
 Questions:

1. Find the values of the following angles without using a

calculator

a) Given that sin 30 = , find the value of cos 60

and tan 30

2. Given that tan 45 = 1 , find the value of cos 45 and sin

45

3. By using a scientific calculator, find the value of sin 8 12.

4. If cos = 0.5228, find the value of .

5. If sin = 0.9545 , find the value of

SOH KAH TOA
 TOPIC 15

TRIGONOMETRY
 Learning Objectives:
15.1 Understand and use tangent of
an acute angle in a right-angled
triangle.

Learning Outcomes:
(i) Identify the
(a) Hypotenuse
(b) The opposite side and adjacent sides
with respect to one of the acute angles
Explanation

In a right-angled triangle, the side

opposite the right angle is called the
hypotenuse (the longest side).
Depend on the reference angle, the side
opposite to the angle is called the
opposite.
The side near the angle in the right
angle triangle is called adjacent.
 EXAMPLE
A

C B

AB is a hypotenuse.
According to the diagram above, the
reference angle is (ABC), BC is an
adjacent sides and AC is an opposite side.
Learning outcomes:
ii) Determine the tangent of
an angle
Explanation:
The tangent of an angle is the ratio of the
opposite sides to the adjacent side.
Tangent = Opposite side
Adjacent side
Example: (According to the above diagram)
Tan = AC
BC
Learning outcomes:
iii) Calculate the largest of an angle given the length of sides
of the triangle

iv) Calculate the length of sides of triangle given the value of

tangent and the length of another sides.

Explanation:
- Involve/ insert the numbers to represent the
sides
- Relates to the topic of Phytogaras Theorem to
find the length of another side.
 EXAMPLE
C

Opposite side

A B
Adjacent side

To find tan = Opposite side = BC

Adjacent side AB
AB 2 AC 2

EXAMPLES
A

13
5

B C

Tan = AC = 5
BC BC
BC = AB - AC
= 169 25
= 144
= 12
Therefore, 5 = 5
BC 12
Learning objectives:
15.2 and 15.3
Understand and use sine and cosine of acute
angle in a right-angled triangle.
Learning outcomes:
i) Determine the sine and cosine of angle
Explanation:
Sine is a trigonometric ratio of the opposite of an
acute angle to the hypotenuse in a right-angled
triangle
Cosine is a trigonometric ratio of the adjacent side
of an acute angle to the hypotenuse in a right-
angled triangle.
 EXAMPLE
C

Opposite side

A Adjacent side B

Sin = Opposite side = BC

Hypotenuse AC

Cos = Adjacent side = AB

Hypotenuse AC
Learning outcomes:

iii) Calculate the sine and cosine of an

angle given the lengths of sides of the
triangle.

iv) Calculate the lengths of sides of a

triangle given the value of sine and
cosine and length of another side.
 Explanation:

- Involve the number to represent

the
sides
- Relates to the topic of
Pythagoras
Theorem to find the length of
another side
 EXAMPLE
C

5
Opposite side
5
Sin
BC =

A B
AC 12
Adjacent side

AC 12 5
2 2
5 5
Sin
Therefore

144 25 AC 13
169 Kos
AB 12

AC 13
13
 QUESTION
8
A B

10

a) Name the side of hypotenuse and

opposite side.
b) Find tangent
c) Find sine
d) Find cosine
 15.4 : USE THE VALUES OF TANGENT,
SINE AND COSINE TO SOLVE PROBLEM

i) Calculate the value of other trigonometric

ratios given the value of a trigonometric ratios

Learning Outcomes :

Keywords :
Calculating The Values Of Other
Trigonometrical Ratios Given The Value Of
One Trigonometrical Ratio
 Example
Given that sin = 5/13. Find the value of tan
and cos .
A

5 cm 13 cm

C B
 Solution :
Given sin = 5/13.

BC2 = AB2 AC2 ( Pythagoras theorem )

= 132 52
= 169 25
= 144
BC = 144
= 12 cm
 Example 2 :
Given ABC is a right-angled triangle whereby B = 90, AB = 18cm
and BC = 24cm. Calculate the value of tan A, sin A and cos A.
A

18cm

C 24cm B
Solution
In ABC
AC = AB + BC
= 18 + 24
= 324 + 576
= 900
AC =900
= 30cm
 Hence :
Tan A = BC = 24 = 4
AB 18 3

Sin A = BC = 24 = 4
AC 30 5

Kos A = AB = 18 = 3
AC 30 5
 15.4(ii) : Convert for measurement of
angles from :
a) Degrees to degrees and minutes
i) 50.6 = 50 + 0.6
= 50 + ( 0.6 x 60)
= 50 + 36
= 50 36

ii) 30.2 = 30 + 0.2

= 30 + ( 0.2 x 60)
= 30 + 12
= 30 12
b) Degrees and minutes to degrees
i) 55 30 = 55 + 30
60
= 55 + 0.5
= 55.5
15.4 (iv) : Find the value of :
a) tangent
b) sine
c) cosine
of 30 , 45 and 60 without using
calculator.

The angle of 30 ,45 and 60 are speacial

angles.
The trigonometrical ratios of speacial angles can
calculated without using a calculator.
 30 Sin 30 =
2
3

60
Sin 60 =
1

45
2
1 Sin 45 = 1
45

1
 a) Diberi Sin 26 = 0.4
Dalam rajah di bawah, Kos 26 = 0.9
ABC ialah garis lurus.
Tan 26 = 0.5
Cari nilai Y .
D
26
10cm
Y cm b) Diberi tan ABE =
Hitungkan panjang AE
A B C
5 cm
E (3 markah)
 Setentang 2 AC
Sin 26 = = 0.4 = =
hipotenus 5 10

Tidak boleh guna konsep sin kerana panjang AC tidak diketahui

Sebelahan 9 Y
Kos 26 = = 0.9 = =
hipotenus 10 10

Bagi menjawab soalan ini ,gunakan konsep kos maka Y = 10 cm

Setentang 1
Tan 26 = AC
sebelahan = 0.5 = 2
=
Y

Tidak boleh guna konsep tan kerana panjang AC dan Y tidak diketahui
b)
Maklumat pada soalan.

Setentang 1
Tan 26 = =
sebelahan 2

Maklumat pada rajah

Setentang AC
Tan 26 = =
sebelahan 5

Maklumat rajah = maklumat soalan

Maka AC 1
=
5 2

AC = x 5

AC = 2.5
 Dalam rajah 4 , PTR ialah garis lurus
P

6 cm
T 3cm S
Q
4cm
x

(a) Nyatakan nilai sin x

(b) Diberi kos PQR = 3/8 , Hitungkan
panjang QR.
 Setentang
Sin x = Hipotenus
P
3
Sin x =
6 Panjang TR
3
T 3 S Panjang TR Guna teorem
Q pythogoras 3, 4 , 5
8
5 4
x 3
Sin x =
R 5

Diberi kos PQR = 3/8

Pada rajah
Sebelahan
Kos PQR = 6
Hipotenus Kos PQR =
QR
3
Kos PQR =
8 Maka QR = 8 x 2

QR = 16
Dalam rajah di bawah, PQR ialah garis lurus. Diberi tan x = 3/8

P
Maklumat pada soalan.
y Setentang 3
Tan x = =
10 sebelahan 8
Q6
Maka panjang QR = 3

3 PQ = 3 maka PR = 6
x
Gunakan segitiga Besar
8cm R
Sebelahan 6 3
Kos y = = =
hipotenus 10 5
Carikan Kos y
Kira hipotenus
Teorem pythogras 8 , 6 , 10
 C

5
Opposite side
BC =

A B
12
Adjacent side
5
Sin
AC 5 5
Therefore Sin
AC 122 52 AC 13
AB 12
144 25 Kos
AC 13
169

13
PMR 96 Dalam rajah di bawah, Carikan nilai sinx0

13 CM
5 CM

x
A B
12 CM

BC 5
Sin.x Sin.x
AC 13
 Dalam rajah di bawah, Carikan nilai tan x0
8 CM
B A
8
6
Tan.x
tan .x
AB 10 CM
x
6
AC C
4
AC 10 8 2 2 =
3

100 64

36

6
 Dalam rajah di bawah, kos x = 4/5 . Cari
panjang MN
L
sebelahan
Kos.x
hipotenus
MN
9 cm 3
5
Kos.x
LM
4 4 x
Kos x = N
5 M
Maka

Teorem Pytogoras 4 , 5, 3
Konsep nisbah / kadar
Darab 3

MN = 12
 Dalam rajah di sebelah, diberi sin PQR = 0.75 .
Cari nilai a
a cm
seten tan g P R
Sin.x 3
hipotenus
3
0.75 4 24 cm
4
Maka Q

Konsep nisbah / kadar

5
Darab 6

a = 18
 Dalam rajah di sebelah, diberi sin PQR = 0.75 .
Cari nilai a
a cm
seten tan g P R
Sin.x 3
hipotenus
Maklumat pd
4 24 cm
soalan = rajah
a
0.75 Q
24
a = 24 x 0.75 5

a= 18
 L

8
x
N
M 17 cm

Dalam rajah di atas, sin x = 8/17 . Cari panjang LN damam cm.

seten tan g
Sin.x LN 172 82
hipotenus
8 289 64
Sin.x
17 225

Gunakan teorem 15
pytogoras
 X

15
8

Z
Y
17
Dalam rajah di atas, sin XYZ= 15/17 . Cari nilai tan XYZ
seten tan g
Sin.x
seten tan g XY 17 15
2 2 tan .x
hipotenus sebelahan

15 289 225 15
Sin.x tan .x
17 64 8
Gunakan teorem
8
pytogoras
 P

5
3

R
Q 4
Dalam rajah di atas, tan PRQ= 3/4 . Hitung kos PRQ
sebelahan
seten tan g 2
2 kos.r
tan .r PR 3 4 hipotenus
sebelahan
3 9 16 4
tan .r kos.r
4 25 5
Gunakan teorem
5
pytogoras
 X
Y

9 cm 3 5
x
Z
Dalam rajah di atas, kos x = 3/5 . Cari panjang YZ
sebelahan
kos.x 3
hipotenus 9= x YZ
3 5
kos.x 3
5 9x5
= YZ
9 3 3
15 = YZ
YZ 5
 A Dalam rajah di bawah,
tan a =

12
13

seten tan g a
tan a
sebelahan D 5 C 16 B

12
tan a
DB 12 12
tan a
DC 132 122 DB 21
169 144

25

5
 X
Y

9 cm 3 5
x
Z
Dalam rajah di atas, kos x = 3/5 . Cari panjang YZ
sebelahan
kos.x 3
hipotenus 9= x YZ
3 5
kos.x 3
5 9x5
= YZ
9 3 3
15 = YZ
YZ 5
 Dalam rajah 4 di bawah, ADC ialah
garis lurus
A

8 cm
E
6 cm
D
B
8 cm

x0 17 cm

(a) Hitung panjang AD

(a) Nyatakan kos x0.
 A

8 cm
E
6 cm
D
B
8 cm 10

x0 17 cm AC 17 8 2 2

C 289 64

CD 82 62 225
64 36 15
100 AD = 15 - 10
10 AD = 5
 A

8 cm

15 cm
B

x 17 cm

Sebelahan
Kos x0 =
hipotenus
15
=
17
 Dalam rajah 5 di bawah, PSR ialah
garis lurus dan PS = 1/3 PQ
R

12 cm 13 cm
y
P S Q
rajah 5

Carikan tan y0
 R

12 cm 13 cm
y
P 5 S Q
rajah 5

Teorem pyhogoras PS = 1/3 PQ

PS 13 12
2 2
PQ = 15
Setentang
169 144 Tan y0 =
sebelahan
25
12 4
5 Tan y0 = =
15 5
 R
8 cm
V

6 10 cm
U

X
S 12 cm T

Dalam rajah di atas, RUT ialah garis lurus dan

RU = 2/3 RT, Nilai kos x ialah
A. 0.40 Teorem pythogoras 10, 8, 6
RU = 6
B. 0.60
Maka RT = 9
C. 0.75
9 3
D. 0.80 Kos x = = 0.75
12 4
 A

4 cm
D
10 cm

P
B c
E
15
Dalam rajah di atas, BEC dan ADC ialah garis
lurus. Diberi tan P = 2/3, maka panjang BE =
A. 6 cm
B. 7 cm
C. 8 cm
D. 9 cm
 P
13 cm

8 T
S
Q
4 cm
3 5
6 y 10 cm

Dalam rajah di atas, PQR dan QTS ialah garis

lurus. Diberi kos y = 3/5, maka panjang PQ
dalam cm ialah
PQ 132 122
A. 4
B. 5 169 144
C. 6 25

D. 8 5
SOLUTION
a) hypotenuse side = BC
Opposite side = AC
b) Tan = Opposite = AC = AC
Adjacent AB 8

AC 10 8
2 2

100 64
36
6
SOLUTION

c) Sin = Opposite = AC = 6 = 3
Hypotenuse BC 10 5

d) Cos = Adjacent = AB = 8 = 4
Hypotenuse BC 10 5
15.4 (iv) : Find the value of :
a) tangent
b) sine
c) cosine
using the scientific calculator.

Example:
By using a scientific calculator, find the value of
tan 18 42
Solution :
a) Tan 18 42 = tan 18 + 42
60
= tan ( 18 + 0.7 )
= tan 18.7
On the calculator,
i) press 18.7
ii) press tan
iii) the value obtained is 0.3385
Hence,
18 42 = 0.3385
SOH

CAH

TOA