Chair of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology

Paramyxoviruses:
Mumps virus,
Measles virus.
 Orthomyxovirus (Influenza) Family
The name myxovirus was originally applied to influenza viruses. It meant
virus with an affinity for mucins. Now there are 2 main groups the
orthomyxoviruses and the paramyxoviruses

Differences between orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses

Feature Orthomyxoviruses Paramyxoviruses

Viruses and Influenza A,B,C Mumps, measles,
diseases respiratory syncytial,
parainfluenza
Genome Single-stranded RNA in Single-stranded RNA in
8 pieces, MW 2-4x106 single piece, MW 5-
8x106
Inner 9-nm diameter 18-nm diameter
ribonucleo-
protein helix
 Family Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily Paramyxovirinae:
Genera:
Morbillivirus measles virus,
Respirovirus (earlier Paramyxovirus) parainfluenza virus
serotypes 1 and 3
Rubulavirus - parainfluenza virus serotypes 2, 4, 4b, mumps
virus
Henivirus Australian Hendra-virus (diseases of human and
horses), Malasian Nipah-virus (diseases of human and swine)

Subfamily Pneumovirinae
Genera:
Pneumovirus RS-virus
Metapneumovirus human metapmeumovirus (diseases in
children)
 PARAMYXOVIRUS FAMILY
properties of attachment protein

GENUS GLYCOPROTEINS TYPICAL

MEMBERS
Paramyxovirus HN, F HPIV1, HPIV3
genus
Rubulavirus HN, F HPIV2, HPIV4
Genus mumps virus
Morbillivirus H, F measles virus
genus
Pneumovirus G, F respiratory
genus syncytial virus
 Virion
Large virion consists of a
negative RNA genome in a
helical nucleocapsid
surrounded by an enevlope
containing a viral attachment
protein
HN of paramyxovirus and
mumps virus has
hemagglutinin and
neuraminidase.
H of measles virus has
hemagglutinin activity
G of RSV lacks these
activities
 PARAMYXOVIRUSES
pleomorphic HN/H/G glycoprotein
SPIKES
F glycoprotein
SPIKES

helical nucleocapsid (RNA minus

NP protein)

lipid bilayer membrane

polymerase complex

M protein
Insert figure 25.5
Effects of paramyxoviruses
 MUMPS (Epidemic Parotitis)
Mumps is an acute contagious disease characterized by a
nonsuppurative enlargement of one or both of the parotid glands,
although other organs may also be involved.
Properties of the Virus
Mumps virus is a typical paramyxovirus.
It has typical hemagglutination, neuraminidase, and hemolysin activities.
Hemagglutination can be inhibited by specific antisera to mumps virus,
and this inhibition can be used to measure antibody responses. Similarly,
the nucleocapsid of the virus particle forms the major component of the
"S" (soluble) complement-fixing antigen.
 Mumps virus
Droplets spread the infection via saliva and
secretions from the respiratory tract.
Incubation period of 2-3 weeks
Malaise and fever is followed within a day by
painful enlargement of one or both of the parotid
(salivary) glands
A possible complication in males after puberty is
orchitis - painful swelling of one or both testicles.
Inflammation of the ovary and pancreas can also
occur.
Disease is usually self-limiting within a few days
Aseptic meningitis (usually resolving without
problems) or postexposure encephalitis (can prove
fatal) are the most serious complications associated
with mumps.
Mumps pathogenesis
Mumps virus CPE

Epidemic parotitis
Orchitis
 TRANSMISI
Gondongan adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh
virus.
menyebar melalui air liur atau lendir dari mulut, hidung,
atau tenggorokan.
Orang yang terinfeksi bisa menyebarkan virus
tersebut batuk, bersin, atau berbicara, berbagi barang,
seperti cangkir atau peralatan makan, dengan yang lain,
dan menyentuh benda atau permukaan dengan tangan
kotor yang kemudian disentuh oleh orang lain.
Gondongan kemungkinan menyebar sebelum kelenjar
ludah mulai membengkak dan sampai lima hari setelah
pembengkakan dimulai.
 Prevention and treatment
Treatment: none (passive immunization
has been used).
Prevention: one invariant serotype
therefore vaccines are viable - both
formalin-inactivated and live attenuated
exist, the latter now being widely used-
see MMR.