Routing Protocols in

Ad-hoc Networks,
OLSR
Self configuring systems (SCS)
TTM3 Hst 2004

Jrn Andre Berntzen

22/10/2004
 Overview

Intro to wlan
Type of Wlans
Example of usages
Example protocol
Relevance to SCS
 Intro Wlan
Wlan (Wi-Fi) is IEEE 802.11 standard
Wlan is a Wireless LAN
Alternative to cabled LAN
Radio interface, either send or receive
2.4 Ghz free (microwave & bluetooth)
5.155.35 GHz free for indoor usage in
Norway
campus, school, airports (hotspot)
802.11 Medium Acess Control (MAC)

802.11 is a protocol for communication between two nodes

( one-hop )
Two types of Wlan
Infrastructure:
One master, several slaves

Ad-hoc:
All potential masters and slaves at the same
time
IBSS
More of infrastructure
one subnet, one ESSID
BSS
 Infrastructure or peer-to-server
Nodes can not choose its link, traffic is always
to/from the Access Point (AP)
802.11 says CSMA/CA (PCF)
Hotspots
x APs acts between at least two wireless nodes
APs in a ESS supports up to 255 nodes (one subnet)
Solution is centralized and scalable
Often used solution today (2004)
Example Ad-hoc without protocol
P2P type,one-hop only (802.11)
Ad-hoc with protocol (routing)
-multihop-
Ad-hoc with protocols, selfconfiguring

Self-organized routing (multihop)

Dynamic updating and rapid topology
changes as nodes come and go
No default gateway, a problem really
Good for emergencies redundancy in
every node reachable
WLAN; example of use
 Ad-hoc protocols
Two types: proactive and reactive

Different protocols, different features of:

Scalability, number of nodes

routing table convergence time
organisation
Administration
Resource-usage
Ad-hoc: proactive protocols
Updates routing table proactively before route
really needs to be know
Frequent update of routing table gives more
overhead to network traffic
But only short delay when packets need to be
transferred
Scalable if zoned or nodes given different roles
Ad-hoc: reactive Protocols
Updates routes only when data is to be
transferred
Updating routing table gives small overhead to
traffic
Updating typically done with controlled flooding
requests into the net
Possible long delay for packet transmission if
entry in routing-table has timed-out
 Optimized link source routing
(OLSR)
Type: Proactive and ad-hoc
Mobile Ad Hoc Network Protocol (MANET)
Routing: Link state routing protocol w/optimization
Uses: Multipoint relay (MPR)

2
originating node
1 3
Two-hop node
5
4 One-hop node

MPR node
MPR(1)={2,3,4,5}
 OLSR data structures
MPR relays and multicast control traffic when
theres are topology changes. The receiving nodes use
these TC messages to update the:

Neighbour sensing information base

Topology information base
Routing table

TC messages are sent from nodes and multicast

by MPRs
 Internet connectivity
OLSR
MANET Mobile Ad hoc Network

OLSR Internet Connectivity

Auxiliary function of OLSR
Uses Host and Network Association (HNA) messages
injecting external routing information into an MANET
 OLSR Plugins (the Unik Olsrd)
Add-ons to the original OLSR
Plugin uses the standard OLSR forwarding
No need to change implemented code, patch e.g
Self-configuring nodes

Example of plugin:
PAA proactive Auto-configuration
No use of DHCP, every avoiding point-of-failure.
Client when unconfigured and server when configured.
Why MANET?
No centralized administration
mobile-user friendly (PDA, laptop)
Self-creating, self organizing
Anytime, anywhere
No fixed topology
Fault resilient
Wireless extension to the Internet Protocol (IP)
Questions ?