T. Ren
Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Email: t.ren@chem.uu.nl, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS
Sponsored by Utrecht Energy Research Center (UCE) and
Energy Research Foundation (ECN)
Copernicus Institute
Sustainable Development and Transition Management
In this presentation
Introduction to olefins
Energy use and CO2 emissions
Energy analysis
State-of-the-art
Innovations
Conclusion
Next step
Where is the Olefin Industry?
IPTS 2000
Light olefins and Steam Cracking
Steam
Cracking
Energy Use and Emission
from Steam Cracking
Steam cracking is the single most energy
consuming processes in the chemical industry
Propylene capacity
53-55 16-17 17-18
(Million tons)
IPPC/BREF 2001
A naphtha steam cracker (900 kt/a) at Shell Moerdijk, the Netherlands
Shell 2003
Energy/Exergy Analysis
Ethane Naphtha
Process
Process Energy Exergy loss
Energy
[27] [31] Our [80]
[26]
estimate [20]
Fuel combustion
Heat of 73%
23% and heat transfer to 75% (or
Pyrol reaction
65% the furnace 15 GJ/t N/A
ysis Steam, Heat exchange with
24% ethylene) 27%
heating steam, TLEs and
&losses heat loss to flue gas
Fractionation and 22% 15% Fractionationf and 19%
Compression Compression
12%
De-methanization
25% (2
De-ethanizer and GJ/t 23%
C2 splitter ethylene
in 2%
C3 splitter N/A
compressio
Separation 31% 20% n and the
De-propanization/ rest of 10%
De-butanization separation
processes)
Ethylene 5%
refrigeration
Propylene 30%
refrigeration
100% or 100% (only 100% (only
Total process
100% 100% Total exergy losses 17 GJ/t pyrolysis compression
energy use
ethylene section) and separation)
Conclusions from Energy Analysis
Licensors Technip-Coflexip ABB Lummus Linde AG Stone & Webster Kellogg & Brown Root
Twin-radiant-cell
Radiant coils Double pass radiant Coil design (straight,
Coil related design (single split) Twin-radiant-cell
pretreated to reduce coil design; online small diameter), low
furnace is 13m (shorter than design and quadra-
coking with a sulfur- decoking reduces reaction time; very high
features the average length cracking
silica mixture emissions severity
25m)
De-
De-methanization
methanizer Double De-methanizer with Front-end de- Absorption-based
simultaneous mass
separation de-methanizing low refrigeration methanizer and demethanization system
transfer and heat
features stripping system demand hydrogenation with front-end design
transfer
Ethylene
Yield 35% 34.4% 35% N/a 38%
(wt. %)
SEC
18.8-20 (best)
(GJ/t 18 (with gas turbine);
or 21.6-25.2 (typical) 21 (best) 20-25 No data
ethylene) 21 (typical)
Shockwave,
Both a stem Reactors with
combustion Alloy Catalyst
Reactor reformer and an Fluidized bed hydrogen co Riser and transfer line
gas; shift Reactor with Fixed or fluidized bed
(oxy-reactor); or, feed but less reactor
syngas; hydrogen co feed
cyclic fixed-bed steam
plasma; etc.
Blachownia: ca.
Process Uhde: ca. 8-10
Shockwave: Dow: ca. 10-12 KRICT: ca. 19 GJ/t 16-20 GJ/t CPP: ca. 35 GJ/t
energy GJ/t propylene; N/a
ca. 8-10 GJ/t GJ/t ethylene and ca. 10 ethylene and ethylene and ca. 12
(SEC)i ca. 8-10 GJ/t
ethylene/HVCs ethylene/HVCs GJ/t HVCs ca. 10-13 GJ/t GJ/t HVCs
HVCs
HVCs
Dow: final
Uhde: propylene KRICT: ethylene Blachownia: CPP: ethylene 21%,
Shockwave: ethylene ca. 53% UOP: total propylene
Yield final yield ca. 38%, propylene Ethylene yield propylene 18%, C4
highest if yield from steam
(wt. %)j 78% if weighted 17-20%, aromatics 36-40% and 11%, aromatics 15%
ethylene yield weighted against cracking is 30% and
against propane 30% and HVCs HVCs yield and
ca. 90% ethane and HVCs yield 85%
and oxygen 73% 70% HVCs yield 60%
oxygen
Current
Commercially Commercially Lab and near
status Lab Lab Pilot plant Commercially available
available available commercialization
CHEEC Project
by Dow and SABIC (NL)
Energy saving!
Energy
Ren 2003
Naphtha
Thermal Cracking
Free radicals
Reorganization
Ethylene Propylene
Simplified Chemical Reactions by
Catalytic Naphtha Cracking
Naphtha
etc. etc.
Zeolite Catalysts
Reorganization
Propylene
Ethylene
Drivers/Barriers (1/2)
Economic Drivers Economic Barriers