ECONOMIC

GEOGRAPHY GROUP MEMBERS:

ANDRE THEOBALDS
JORDAN SMITH
ADRIAN WILLAIMSON
JORDAN CLARKE
D A R LT O N D A C E R S
S E A N TO N G E
JAMIE BLAKE
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED

Transhipment Terminals
Economic Geography
Heartland-Hinterland Relationships
TRANSHIPMENT TERMINAL
The purpose of these terminals are for cargoes to be
transported and exchanged by ships to be carried
onto another ship or for the final port of discharge.
WHAT IS TRANSSHIPMENT?

The shipment of goods or containers to an

intermediate destination, then to yet another
destination.
(The transfer of a cargo from one carrier, from one
transport medium to the next or more commonly,
from one vessel to another whereas in transit.)
WHY DOES CARGO NEED TO BE
TRANSSHIPPED?
In any service operated by any line there are
practical restrictions in terms of coverage of ports.
There is no shipping line that can cover all ports
around the world. A shipping company may be
restricted to a port that it needs to carry cargo to
so that company will make an agreement with a
company that has clearance to dock at that port.
WHAT IS A TERMINAL?

A terminal is referred to as the set of facilities at a

port where loading and unloading of cargo/container
takes place.
WHAT IS A TRANSSHIPMENT TERMINAL?

It is a facility at port where cargo is

exchanged between different ships or other
transport vehicles for onwards
transportation.
 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
Economic geography is the study of the location,
distribution and spatial organization of economic
activities across the world.

This is the branch of geography that deals with the

relation of physical and economic conditions to the
production and utilization of raw materials and their
manufacture into finished products.
CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY:

involves consideration of the geographical and

other factors which influence mans productivity,
but only in limited depths, so far as they are
connected with production and trade.
IMPORTANCE OF ECONOMIC
GEOGRAPHY:
It is also important in developing nations because the reasons and methods of
development or lack thereof are more easily understood

Researchers within this field study the location, distribution and organization of
economic activity around the world. Economic geography is important in
developed nations such as the United States because it allows researchers to
understand the structure of the area's economy and its economic relationship
with other areas around the world.
 There are some ways in which geography affects economics: for example,
long distances and difficult terrain affect the ability to distribute goods,
while factors like climate might affect the kind of goods and services that
people want. The distribution of natural resources also has a huge affect
on the economy.
HEARTLAND/HINTERLAND
RELATIONSHIPS
HEARTLAND
The part of a region considered essential to the
viability and survival of the whole, especially a
central land area relatively invulnerable to attack and
capable of economic and political self-sufficiency.

Any central area, as of a state, nation, or continent.

HINTERLAND
The area from which products are delivered to a
port for shipping elsewhere is that port's hinterland.
In shipping usage, a port's hinterland is the area that
it serves, both for imports and for exports.
 Hinterlands and Forelands

One of the most enduring concepts in transport geography is the hinterland:

The hinterland is a land space over which a transport terminal, such as a port,
sells its services and interacts with its users. It accounts for the regional
market share that a terminal has relative to a set of other terminals servicing a
region. It regroups all the customers directly bounded to the terminal and the
land areas from which it draws and distributes traffic. The terminal, depending
on its nature, serves as a place of convergence for the traffic coming by roads,
railways or by sea/fluvial feeders.

The hinterland, or the "natural hinterland", refers to the entire area which is
possible to service from the terminal. Two types of additional hinterlands are
often noted:
 First, the fundamental hinterland refers to the market area for which a terminal
is the closest. It is assumed that the majority of the traffic will pass through the
terminal, because of proximity and the lack of competitive alternatives.

Second, the competitive hinterland (or competitive margin) is used to describe

the market areas over which the terminal has to compete with others for
business.

A special kind of relationship that stems from dominance of a core area over
its periphery.

The dominance may take the forms: political or economic

Example of Heartland/Hinterland relationship:
In the US the industrial heartland of the northeast was the 'engine'
that dominated the country's economy while the other sections were
lesser contributors. The change to a service and technology economy
has permitted the ascension of the 'sunbelt' states in economic,
population, and political terms.

In Canada economic and political considerations are dominated by the

Toronto to Montreal core over the Eastern, Northern and Western
peripheral areas.
 QUESTIONS

What is a terminal?
What is a transshipment terminal?
Why does cargo need to be transshipped?
What is economic Geography?
Why is economic Geography important to a country?