Submitted to :- Submitted by :-
Mr. Manish Trikha Chirag Agrawal
Guided by :- (1208221014)
Mr. Saurabh Saxena Branch - EN
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS SURGE CURRENT
NEED OF SURGE CURRENT PROTECTION
WHAT IS SUPERCONDUCTOR
MEISSNER EFFECT
TYPES OF SUPERCONDUCTOR
SURGE CURRENT LIMITER
OTHER METHODS FOR SURGE CURRENT PROTECTION
ADVANTAGES
FUTURE PLANS
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Modern power system are growing fast with more
generators, transformers and large network in the
system. Whenever a fault occurs there is a need for
the protection of these system.
Here well discuss the use of superconductor as
protective device for surge current protection.
Superconductors conduct electricity, offering zero
resistance below certain temperature. We study
different types of superconductor as surge current
limiter and their working.
WHAT IS SURGE CURRENT?
The maximum instantaneous input current drawn by
an electrical device when first it is turned ON , is
defined as surge current.
It is also known as inrush current or input surge
current or switch on surge.
Inrush current can be as high as 100 times the
normal steady state current .
Surge current waveform
NEED OF SURGE CURRENT
PROTECTION
High inrush current can affect the electrical systems
by tripping fuses and circuit breakers unnecessarily.
If inrush protection is not in place, relays and circuit
breakers must be rated higher than any possible
inrush current.
Inrush Current can also cause pitted contacts on
switches and relays due to arcing of the contacts.
This surge current can cause component damage
and/or failure within the equipment itself, blown
fuses, tripped circuit breakers .
WHAT IS SUPERCONDUCTOR ?
Metallic elements, alloys or compounds that will conduct electricity
without resistance below a certain temperature, is called a
Superconductor.
The dutch physicist HEIKE KAMERLINGH ONNES of leiden
university was the first person to observe superconductivity in
mercury.
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical
resistance that apply in certain materials when cooled below critical
temperature.
Superconductors are extraordinary because they take no energy to
make current flow .So no energy is lost to friction to sustain the
current.
MEISSNER EFFECT
The phenomenon of exclusion of magnetic flux or ejection of
lines of magnetic induction from the interior of bulk
superconductors, when they are cooled below the transition
temperature is called Meissners effect.
Superconductors have electronic and magnetic
properties. That is, they have a negative
susceptibility, and acquire a polarization OPPOSITE
to an applied magnetic field. This is the reason that
superconducting materials and magnets repel one
another.