KS3 Biology

8B Respiration

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 Contents

8B Respiration
Releasing energy

The circulation system

The breathing system

Anaerobic respiration

Summary activities
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 How is digested food used by the body?

The body needs a constant supply of energy which

comes from digested food.
Glucose from digested carbohydrate is an important
substance that contains stored chemical energy .

When glucose reacts with oxygen a lot of energy is

released.
In the bodys cells, glucose and oxygen react to release
energy . Some of this is released as heat and the rest is
used by the cells.
The release of energy from glucose is called

respiration
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 What is respiration?
Respiration is the process that the body uses to release
energy from digested food (glucose):

glucose carbon energy

oxygen dioxide water

from the from the waste waste useful!

digestive breathing product product
system system exhaled exhaled

This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration because

energy is released with oxygen.
How do the glucose and oxygen needed for aerobic
respiration get to the all the bodys cells?
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 Aerobic respiration: word equation activity

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 Comparing respiration and combustion
Burning is the reaction between a fuel and oxygen.
This reaction is called combustion:

fuel carbon
oxygen dioxide water

When something burns, heat and light energy are

released and carbon dioxide and water are also produced,
so combustion is similar to respiration.

However, combustion is different because it is not a

controlled reaction. Respiration is a controlled reaction
which slowly releases energy from food in the bodys cells
and the cells do not catch fire!

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 Contents

8B Respiration
Releasing energy

The circulation system

The breathing system

Anaerobic respiration

Summary activities
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 The bodys transport system
The dissolved food and
oxygen needed for
respiration are carried lungs
around the body by the
circulation system.
The circulation system
includes the blood, blood
vessels, the heart and
the lungs.
Which part of the
circulation system
actually carries dissolved bodys
food and oxygen to the
cells
bodys cells?

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 Blood
The blood carries oxygen and dissolved food to all the bodys
cells so that respiration can take place.

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 Your beating heart
The heart is made of very special
muscle called cardiac muscle.
This is because it has to keep
beating for the whole of a
persons life!
If you tried to do the same action
repeatedly (like the heart does),
your muscles would get tired and
after a while stop working.
For example, if you keep clenching and unclenching your
hand, it will get tired and may even start to get cramp.
Why is it important for respiration that the heart keeps
beating?

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 Different types of activity
What happens to the pulse rate whilst
someone is running?
The body needs to release more energy:
so oxygen and glucose need to reach
muscle cells quickly;
so blood is pumped around the body faster;
so the pulse is faster.

What happens to the pulse rate whilst

someone is sleeping?
The body needs to release less energy:
so oxygen and glucose need to reach muscle cells slowly;
so blood is pumped around the body slower;
so the pulse is slower.

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 Contents

8B Respiration
Releasing energy

The circulation system

The breathing system

Anaerobic respiration

Summary activities
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 What is breathing?
The breathing system is used by the body
to get the oxygen needed for respiration.
It is also use to get rid of the waste product
of respiration, the gas carbon dioxide.
Breathing in and breathing out are separate
processes in the body:

Breathing in is also known as inhalation. When you inhale

you breathe in air, including oxygen, into your lungs.

Breathing out is also known as exhalation. When you

exhale you breathe out the contents of our lungs and getting
rid of the waste gas carbon dioxide.

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 Inhalation

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 The alveoli
In the lungs, oxygen travels to thousands of tiny air sacs
called alveoli. These are covered with tiny blood vessels.

The alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area which is equal
in size to the area of a tennis court!
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 Gas exchange
Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli oxygen is transferred
into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood.

Each alveolus has a thin wall so that gas exchange between

the lungs and the blood can take place quickly.
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 Exhalation

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 Comparing inhaled and exhaled air
What are the differences between inhaled and exhaled air?

inhaled air exhaled air

nitrogen (78%) nitrogen (78%)

oxygen (21%) oxygen (17%)
carbon dioxide (0.04%) carbon dioxide (4%)
other other

How could you test for the differences between inhaled and
exhaled air?

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 Contents

8B Respiration
Releasing energy

The circulation system

The breathing system

Anaerobic respiration

Summary activities
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 Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
When the body is able to supply the cells with the oxygen and
glucose that they need, it carries out aerobic respiration.

glucose carbon
oxygen dioxide water energy

Anaerobic respiration
When the body cannot supply the cells with the oxygen
needed to break down glucose, then it has to carry out
anaerobic respiration. Energy is released without oxygen:

lactic
glucose acid energy

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 Not enough oxygen!
lactic
glucose acid energy

When anaerobic respiration takes place, the lactic acid

produced soaks the muscle cells and prevents muscles from
doing their job. This causes fatigue and sometimes cramp.
After activity that has lead to anaerobic
respiration, the person involved pants
and breathes heavily.
This happens because they need lots of
oxygen to get rid of lactic acid that has
built up in their body.
lactic carbon
acid oxygen dioxide water

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 Anaerobic respiration: word equation activity

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 Contents

8B Respiration
Releasing energy

The circulation system

The breathing system

Anaerobic respiration

Summary activities
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 Glossary
aerobic The type of respiration that occurs with oxygen.
alveoli Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange
takes place.
anaerobic The type of respiration that occurs without
oxygen.
exhalation The process of breathing out.
glucose A type of sugar that the body releases energy
from during respiration.
inhalation The process of breathing in.
respiration The process that the body uses to release
energy from digested food.

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 Anagrams

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 Multiple-choice quiz

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