Structural Drawing

Chapter 19
 Objectives

Create a structural truss or floor plan

drawing
Label and specify the size and shape of
steel structural members
Identify, draw, and label various
structural steel shapes

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Objectives (cont.)

Identify, draw, and label high-strength

bolts used in structural joints
Identify welding symbols used in steel
fabrication of structural components
Identify and read concrete and brick
construction details

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 Structural Drawings

Structural drawings include:

Foundation plans
Wall sections and framing details
Structural steel framing and details
Beam and column drawings and details

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 Wood Construction

Many different types of wood are used

as structural timber
The surface of a wood product is
finished by milling or planing
Due to wood loss in surfacing, nominal size
is larger than dressed thickness
Symbols are used to indicate requirements
for finished surfaces on wood
Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Wood Joints

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 Connector Designs

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 Structural Steel

Structural steel drawings are ordinarily

one of two types:
Engineering design drawings
Manufacturing (shop) drawings

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Structural Steel

Engineering design drawings show the

overall dimensions of the structure
including:
Locations of columns, beams, angles and
other shapes
Sizes of structural members
Detail in the form of cross sections, special
connections required, and notes

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Structural Steel

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 Structural Steel

Shop drawings consist of detail

drawings of all parts of the entire
structure showing exactly how the parts
are to be made
These drawings show all dimensions
necessary for fabrication, usually
calculated to the nearest 1/16

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 Piece Marks

A system is used to mark each piece

that is separately handled
This mark is called a piece mark and
should be shown wherever the member
appears on the drawings

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Piece Marks

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 Structural Steel Shapes

Structural steel is available in many

standard shapes
Most CAD programs have structural
shapes symbol libraries available

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Structural Steel Shapes

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 Erection Plans

Erection plans made by the steel

fabricator are assembly drawings for the
steel structure

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Erection
Plans

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 Connections

Main members are joined together in

the field to build a structure and most
joints are welded connections to the
main members
Riveting is seldom used as a connection
but you may find reference to riveted
joints in original plans

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Connections

AISC recommends certain standard

connections for attaching beams
You should know the strength of the
various connections and use them only
when they are sufficient

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 Welding

Welding is a common method for

connecting steel members of buildings
and bridges
The fillet weld is the most common in
structural steel fabrication

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Welded Beam Detail

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 High-Strength Bolting for
Structural Joints
Two common types
of high-strength
steel bolts are
ASTM A325 and
A490

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 Accuracy in Dimensions

Incorrect dimensions on drawings will

result in serious errors and misfits when
members are assembled in the field
Consider the effect of tolerance stacking
on the fit of steel members

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 Concrete Construction

Concrete is made by mixing sand,

gravel, or other aggregates with
Portland cement and water
Reinforced concrete has embedded
steel reinforcing bars
In prestressed concrete, the steel is
pretensioned before the superimposed
load is applied

Technical Drawing 13th Edition 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
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 Reinforced
Concrete
Drawings

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 Structural Clay Products

Brick and tile are some of the best

known forms of building construction
Traditionally they are built into masonry
forms and units are placed one at a
time in a soft mortar

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 Stone Construction

Natural stone is also used in masonry

construction, most commonly for
ornamental facing

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 Laying and
Bonding Brick,
Tile and Stone

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