Internal Combustion Engines

Mohy S. Mansour
Mechanical Power Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Cairo University

1
 Chapter 9
Engine Performance Test

Mohy S. Mansour
Mechanical Power Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
Cairo University

2
 Performance Parameters

Power:
Indicated
Friction
Brake
Efficiency
Thermal brake
Thermal indicated
Mechanical
Volumetric
3
 Performance Parameters

Fuel consumption:
Indicated
Friction
Brake
Mean Effective Pressure
Indicated
Friction
Brake

4
 Performance Parameters

Pollution:
CO
NOx
Soot
HC
Temperature
Noise

5
 Morse Test

This test is used for SI multi-cylinders engines to measure the

indicated power.

6
 Morse Test

Run the SI engine to a certain rpm (N) with a certain load and
measure the engine torque
Calculate the brake power = T w
, = , (1)
Unplug the spark plug of cylinder 1
Increase the engine rpm to (N) again
Measure the torque
Calculate the brake power
,(2,3&4) = ,(2,3&4) (2)
The friction power should be the same for the same N
Then from (1) and (2)
7 , 1 = , ,(2,3&4)
 Morse Test

Plug the spark plug of cylinder 1 and unplug the spark plug of
cylinder 2
Increase the engine rpm to (N) again
Measure the torque
Calculate the brake power
,(1,3&4) = ,(1,3&4) (3)
The friction power should be the same for the same N
Then from (1) and (3)
, 2 = , ,(1,3&4)

8
 Morse Test

Plug the spark plug of cylinder 2 and unplug the spark plug of
cylinder 3
Increase the engine rpm to (N) again
Measure the torque
Calculate the brake power
,(1,2&4) = ,(1,2&4) (4)
The friction power should be the same for the same N
Then from (1) and (4)
, 3 = , ,(1,2&4)

9
 Morse Test

Plug the spark plug of cylinder 3 and unplug the spark plug of
cylinder 4
Increase the engine rpm to (N) again
Measure the torque
Calculate the brake power
,(1,2&3) = ,(1,2&3) (5)
The friction power should be the same for the same N
Then from (1) and (5)
, 4 = , ,(1,2&3)

10
 Morse Test

Then the total indicated power from equations 2-5 at N is

, = , 1 + , 2 + , 3 + , 4
Calculate the mechanical efficiency as
,
=
,
Repeat the same test for different values of N
Plot , , , and versus N

11
 Willians Line

This test is used in multi cylinder CI engines to measure

the indicated power

12
 Willians Line

1. Run the engine to a certain rpm (N) with a certain load and
measure the engine torque and fuel consumption
2. Calculate the brake power = T w
3. , = , (1)
4. Increase the load
5. Then increase the engine rpm to (N) again
6. Measure the torque and fuel consumption
7. Calculate the brake power

13
 Willians Line

8. Repeat steps 4-7 many times (at least 5 times)

9. Plot the fuel consumption versus the brake power
10. The friction power should be the same for the same N
11. Then from the graph, the friction power and the indicated
power can be obtained

14
 Willians Line

, ,

,
15
 Willians Line

12. Repeat the test many times (at least 5) for different values of
N.
13. Plot the variations of friction, brake and indicated powers
versus the values of N

16
 Why Willians line is not applicable for SI engines?

In diesel the quantity of intake air is constant, the pressure

inside the cylinder is almost the same for all loads, and we vary
the fuel, i.e. vary the AF mixture. This is called Qualitative
governing
In SI engines the intake charge is a mixture of air and fuel. This
is called Quantitative governing. At low speed and loads the
throttling valve will produce low pressure inside the cylinder and
the pumping work will increase. This adds losses to the
measured friction losses. Thus there will be an error of the
measured friction losses. In diesel, CI engines, there is no
pumping losses.

17
 Efficiency

Measure the fuel consumption and brake

power for different values of N and loading
Calculate the brake thermal efficiency
Then calculate the indicated thermal
efficiency from the mechanical efficiency

18
 Volumetric Efficiency

19