Least Desirable
Most Desirable
2
Crisis At Hand
Power Production
A Short Fall
3
Possible Solutions
4
What If, We Can
5
Development Of MSW Power Plants Will Achieve:
Local Employment
6
Our Project
7
Our Team
Organization
Abdullah Riaz Syed Muhammad Hamza Syed Irtiza Ali S/Lt Usman Mehmood
8
Todays Agenda
Presentation Scheme
1 Project Introduction
4 Concept Design Evaluation
3 Our Study
In Field Of Sustainable Energy, Energy Production From
MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) Conventional Is Most
Rational Idea For Large Cities, As Waste Is An
Undesirable Output That Adds To Land, Water & Air
Pollution
10
MSW PLANT
A needed expense to invest in the Future
11
Project Scope
12
Project Scope
IN SCOPE OUT OF SCOPE
SAMPLING
COLLECTION AND ASSESSMENT AND ASSESSMENT
OF MSW SAMPLES PRE-PROCESSING PRE-PROCESSING TO INCREASE
INFERIOR CALORIFIC VALUE
FEASIBILTY
FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT
13
Gantt Chart
S/Lt Usman
Mehmood PN
MSW Generation
What is WTE
Types of WTE
MSW Generation
Municipal Solid waste
MSW
Municipal Solid waste is generated by human activities
Being the 6th most populous country of the world, Pakistan Generation rate depends on
produces a lot of waste following parameters:
Time
Place
COMMERCIAL
AGRICULTURE
HOUSEHOLD
INDUSTRIAL
Population
16
MSW Generation
Municipal Solid waste
Generation Place
Population Effect
Growth in population highly effect the rate of
waste generation
17
SWM System
MSW Management organization
2
Waste management system is
therefore formed to manage this large
amount of MSW
In Pakistan MSW collected from waste bins,
1
small heaps and transfer for treatment or to
disposal sites
3
1. Collection and transportation is
backbone of waste management
system
2. After collection and transportation
waste is usually dump at landfill sites
18
What is WTE ?
Waste to Energy Background
+ 12 Comp
The composition of MSW play
major role in MSW analysis
19
What is WTE ?
Waste to Energy System
20
Types of WTE
Waste to Energy Systems
PRODUCT 18 %
BI-PRODUCT 82 %
Hence we have two types of waste to energy systems based on two different
mechanism:
Incinerator Pyrolysis
22
Why Incinerator
Advantages Disadvantages
As this is the most simple way Commercially
of replacing commercial fuel in available plant
boiler and burner mechanism
Corrosion of boiler tubes at
Corrosion of boiler high steam temperatures due to
moisture content and chemical
fatigue
High volume-reduction of High volume-reduction
refuse which help in savior of
space during landfilling
Very high initial and running
Very high initial costs costs for electricity generation
23
Why Pyrolysis
Advantages Disadvantages
Incompatibility
Medium heating-value gas
Fuel gas not compatible with
Produces low- to medium natural gas without additional
heating-value gas that has processing/expenditure
greater calorific value
24
Syed Irtiza Ali
Our Study
MSW Plant Basics
1 WASTE PRETREATMENT
2 ENERGY RECOVERY
Waste Pretreatment
Drying
Waste
Treatment Sorting
Homogenization
27
MSW Plant Basics
Energy Recovery
Energy Boiler
Recovery
Steam in
Turbine
Steam out
Electricity
28
MSW Plant Basics
Air
Pollution
Control Air Pollution Control
Mechanical
Cyclone Collector
Fabric Filters
Collectors
Fabric Filters
Electrostatic
Precipitators
Electrostatic Precipitator
29
Benefits of a MSW Plant
30
Benefits of a MSW Plant
Promotes Recycling
WTE promotes
recycling as waste has
to be sorted, and
segregated before
sending for
incineration.
Saves Land
When waste is
incinerated, on average
its volume is reduced
by 90% and its mass is
reduced by 75%.
33
Benefits of a MSW Plant
Reduces GHGs
Methane has a
greenhouse gas (GHG)
potential of 21 times than
same volume of carbon
dioxide. MSW is used to
generate electricity,
avoiding methane
emissions
34
PM10 and Dioxins
PM 10
PM10 refer to all particles Dioxins Emissions in Flanders PM10 Emissions in Germany
whose size is less than 10
microns. These particles are
inhalable. PM10 is a mixture
of materials that can include
smoke, soot, dust, salt,
acids, and metals.
Dioxins
Dioxins are harmful organic
chemical compounds that
have been known to damage
human organs. Dioxins travel
through the food chain and
are found in higher
concentrations at the higher
levels of the food chains.
35
Comparing Emissions
Nitrogen Oxides
OIL 1,672 12 4 comparable to coal in
MSW
NATURAL 1,135 0.1 1.7
GAS
Emissions in pounds per MWh in USA
36
MAP SABZI MANDI
JAM CHAKRO
GOND PASS
37
Landfill Visits
38
Analytical Models Used
Model
Technique 1
1 Model 2
39
Survey Report
1673 kcal/kg MINIMUM CRITERIA
JAM CHAKRO
GOND PASS 4620 kcal/kg
4068 kcal/kg
SABZI MANDI
760 kcal/kg
40
Survey Report
Jam Chakro
15.14% Ash Content 2.89% Moisture
Content 81.97% Combustible Content
Gond Pass
28.94% Ash Content 4.8% Moisture
Content 66.25% Combustible Content
Sabzi Mandi
8.63% Ash Content 66.17% Moisture
Content 25.19% Combustible Content
41
Syed Muhammad
Hamza
Thermodynamic Cycles
Component Design
44
Why Rankine?
Practical
45
Four Components
Pump Condenser
Heat is rejected to the surrounding.
Increases the pressure of the water.
46
Incinerator
What is an Incinerator?
47
Incinerator Design
Combustion gases
exit
Manual Hand-Fired Grate.
Angle iron rectangular frame.
Steel sheets to cover the frame.
Surface area as short as possible.
Fan to improve combustion and heat transfer.
Insulation material used on the outside walls.
Fresh air
entrance
Fire Door
48
Boiler
What is a boiler?
49
Boiler Types
There are two main types of boilers.
50
Water tube VS Fire tube
6 1
Water tube Fire tube
Parameters Water tube Fire tube
Safer
Easy to manufacture
Flexible
Lower start time
More efficient
Higher Steam output
Cheaper
51
Babcock & Wilcox Boiler
52
Boiler Design
Super heater
Steam drum
Down comer
Riser
Supports
53
Turbine
What is a turbine?
Reaction
turbine 54
Pelton VS Francis
3 3
Francis Pelton
Flexible
Low flow rate required
More efficient
Cheaper 55
Turbine Design
56
Pump & Condenser
What is a pump?
What is a condenser?
Device that increases the From these components, the team has decided not
pressure of the water to to incorporate condenser and pumps in the
boiler pressure. fabrication since they add to the cost without adding
substantial benefit to the cycle in terms of output and
efficiency.
A heat exchanger which decreases
the temperature of water mixture
coming out from turbine.
57
Risk Assessment
PERFORMANCE DESIGN
RISK
ASSESSMENT
IS DONE FOR
THE PROJECT
ON
SAFETY
QUALITY DIFFERENT
PERIMETERS
TO ENSURE
I T S T I M E LY
COMPLETION
COST
MANUFACTURABILITY WITH
ENSURED
R E S U LT S
58
Design
Wrong manufacturing
estimates will create
fabrication problems. A
market survey will enable
us to get proper estimates
about manufacturing
capabilities and their
costs.
Question & Answers
Waste is not waste,
until wasted.