Trusses
Objective
Find a member with adequate gross and net areas
Find a member that satisfies L/r<300
Does not apply to cables and rods
Pu
To prevent yielding Pu 0.90Fy Ag Ag
0.9 Fy
Pu
To avoid fracture Pu 0.75Fu Ae Ae
0.75Fy
Yielding controls if 0.90 Fy Ag 0.75Fu Ae
Ae Fy
1.2
Ag Fu
Design of Tension Members LAST TIME
Fy Ag Fu Ae
Yielding controls if
1.67 2
Ae Fy
1.2
Ag Fu
LRFD - Example LAST TIME
Tension member with a length 5-9 resists D=18 kips and L=52 kips
Select a member with rectangular cross section, A36 steel and one line 7/8 bolts
Tension member with a length 5-9 resists D=18 kips and L=52 kips
Select a member with rectangular cross section, A36 steel and one line 7/8 bolts
Choose PL 1 X 3-1/2
See Manual pp1-8 for availability of plate products
LRFD - Example LAST TIME
Tension member with a length 5-9 resists D=18 kips and L=52 kips
Select a member with rectangular cross section, A36 steel and one line 7/8 bolts
Tension member with a length 5-9 resists D=18 kips and L=52 kips
Select a member with rectangular cross section, A36 steel and one line 7/8 bolts
wt 3 3.51
3
I min 0.2917 in 4
12 12
A 3.51 3.5 in 2
I min
I Ar r
2
0.2887 in 2
A
L 5.75
max 239 in 2 300 in 2 OK
r 0.2887
ASD - Example LAST TIME
Tension member with a length 5-9 resists D=18 kips and L=52 kips
Select a member with rectangular cross section, A36 steel and one line 7/8 bolts
Tension member with a length 5-9 resists D=18 kips and L=52 kips
Select a member with rectangular cross section, A36 steel and one line 7/8 bolts
Choose PL 1 X 3-1/2
See Manual pp1-8 for availability of plate products
ASD - Example LAST TIME
Tension member with a length 5-9 resists D=18 kips and L=52 kips
Select a member with rectangular cross section, A36 steel and one line 7/8 bolts
Tension member with a length 5-9 resists D=18 kips and L=52 kips
Select a member with rectangular cross section, A36 steel and one line 7/8 bolts
wt 3 3.51
3
I min 0.2917 in 4
12 12
A 3.51 3.5 in 2
I min
I Ar r
2
0.2887 in 2
A
L 5.75
max 239 in 2 300 in 2 OK
r 0.2887
Angles as Tension Members LAST TIME
g 4-1/2 4 3-1/2 3 2-1/2 2 1-3/4 1-3/8 1-1/8 1 7/8 7/8 3/4 5/8
g1 3 2-1/2 2-1/4 2
g2 3 3 2-1/2 1-3/4
Example LAST TIME
Choose L6x4x1/2
A=4.75, rmin=0.980
yielding : t Pn 154 kips
See Manual pp 5-15
rupture : t Pn 155 kips
Angle - Example
Shape did not work because table values are for Ae/Ag=0.75
0.75
Pu
actual ratio
Example Using Tables
Choose L8x4x1/2
A=5.75, rmin=0.863
yielding : t Pn 186 kips
See Manual pp 5-14
rupture : t Pn 187 kips
Angle - Example
Pin
Hinge
Bolted trusses
Welded trusses
Welded trusses
Select a structural Tee for the bottom chord of the Warren roof truss. Trusses are
welded and spaced at 20 feet. Assume bottom chord connection is made with 9-
inch long longitudinal welds at the flange. Use A992 steel and the following load
data (wind is not considered)
Purlins M8x6.5
Snow 20 psf horizontal projection
Metal Deck 2 psf
Roofing 4 psf
Insulation 3 psf
Step 1 Load Analysis
180(2.5)=450 lb 180(5)=900 lb
Step 1 Load Analysis
PURLINS M8x6.5
130 lb 130 lb
Step 1 Load Analysis
SNOW
Snow Load = 20(20) = 400 lb/ft
20ft
400(2.5)=1000 lb 400(5)=2000 lb
Step 1 Load Analysis
158 lb 303 lb
Step 1 Load Analysis
1000 lb 2000 lb
S
Step 2 Required Force
Pu 1.2 D 1.6S
Method of Sections
Pu FIJ 48.04
Ag ,req 1.07 in 2
0.9 Fy 0.9 Fy 0.950
Pu FIJ 48.04
Ae,req 0.985 in 2
0.75Fu 0.75Fu 0.7565
Step 4: T Selection based on Ag
x 1.51
U 1 1 0.8322
L 9
x 1.51
U 1 1 0.7933
L 9