Dengue Fever

What is it?

Types

Mode of transmission

Symptoms and treatment

Prevention& Elimination
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 Dengue Fever
mosquito-borne infectious tropical disease
caused by the dengue virus

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 DIAGNOSIS
TWO OF THE FOLLOWING

FEVER
nausea and vomiting,
Rash
generalized pains
Leukopenia
positive result on
tourniquet test
any warning sign

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 DIAGNOSIS
WARNING SIGNS
Worsening abdominal pain
Ongoing vomiting
Enlargement of the liver
Mucosal bleeding
High hematocrit combined with low platelet
count
Lethargy or restlessness
Serosal effusion

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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION

Asymptomatic Symptomatic

Undifferentiated fever Dengue fever

(viral syndrome) (syndrome)
Dengue Shock
Dengue Fever Syndrome (DSS)

No Shock Dengue
Haemorrhagic fever

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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 EPIDEMIOLOGY
New cases every year: 50-528 millions
Endemic in 110 countries
24,000 deaths annually
People at risk: 2.5-3 billion
Incubation period: 3-14 days

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE

 HISTORY
Earliest description of disease: 1779 AD
Viral cause elucidated : 1906

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 TRANSMISSION
Transmitted by mosquito Aedes
Most frequently by Aedes aegypti
Other less common vectors

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 Transmission

Infected
mosquito

Healthy person Infected

Incubation Period: 3 to 14 days person
Most commonly 4 to 7 days

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 Life cycle of Aedes Mosquito

1-2 days

Pupae Larvae Eggs

4-5 days 2-3 days

Stagnant water
 Aedes albopictus
Aedes aegypti

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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 History
The Aedes aegypti breeds primarily in man-made
containers like:

Earthenware jars, Metal drums and Concrete cisterns used for

domestic water storage. Discarded plastic food containers, used
automobile tires and other items that collect rainwater.

it can also breeds extensively in natural habitats such as tree holes

and leaf axils.

The rapid geographic spread of this species has been

largely attributed to the international trade in used tyres.

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 What is Dengue Fever?
Dengue fever, also know as break bone fever, is an acute
communicable disease caused by virus.

Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are viral

diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, usually Aedes
aegypti.

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 Types of Dengue Fever

There are actually four dengue clinical syndromes:

Undifferentiated fever;
Classic dengue fever;
Dengue hemorrhagic fever, or DHF; and
Dengue shock syndrome, or DSS.
Dengue shock syndrome is actually a severe form of DHF.

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 Mode of Transmission

A healthy person gets the disease when he is bitten by an

infected mosquito. The virus enters his blood from the mosquitos
saliva.
An infected person could transmit the virus to mosquitoes if he is
bitten by a mosquito anytime from the onset to the subsidence of
the fever (a period of about 6 to 7 days). The disease is then
spread by mosquitoes.
Dengue fever is not spread by contact with infected persons.

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 CLASSICAL DENGUE FEVER
Reservoir both man and mosquito
The mosquito becomes infective by feeding on the patient
from the day before onset to the 5th day of illness.
After an extrinsic incubation period of 8-10 days the
mosquito becomes infective and is able to transmit
infection.
The illness is characterized by an incubation period of 3-10
days.
Onset is sudden with chills and high fever. Temperature rises
quickly as high as 104 F (40 C), with relative bradycardia
and hypotension.
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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LAHORE
 Symptoms of
Classical Dengue (1)

Fever: continuous for 3 to 5 days

Severe headache

Painful limbs, joint pain, muscle pain, back pain, pain

behind eyeballs

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 Symptoms of
Classical Dengue (2)

Rash appears on the 3rd to 4th day after onset.

Nausea, vomiting.
Slight gum bleeding and nasal bleeding
Extreme fatigue and depression may follow recovery.
In very rare cases, the condition may worsen
into dengue hemorrhagic fever, leading to
hemorrhage, shock or even death.

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 Reddened eyes

Intense muscles and joint pains

A flushing or pale pink rash comes over the face and then
disappears. The glands (lymph nodes) in the neck and groin are
often swollen

Fever lasts 2-4 days rarely more than 7 days.

Case fatality is very low

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 Symptoms

Skin rash
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